Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction ALAN K. L. CHAN -- 1 The Ideological Background of the Mencian Discussion of Human Nature A Reexamination NING CHEN -- 2 A Matter of Taste Qi ( Vital Energy) and the Tending of the Heart ( Xin ) in Mencius 2A2 ALAN K. L. CHAN -- 3 Mencius and a Process Notion of Human Nature ROGER T. AMES -- 4 Biology and Culture in the Mencian View of Human Nature IRENE BLOOM -- 5 Mengzi and Gaozi on Nei and Wai KIM- CHONG CHONG -- 6 Xin and Moral Failure Notes on an Aspect of Mencius Moral Psychology ANTONIO S. CUA -- 7 Understanding Words and Knowing Men JIUAN HENG -- 8 Between Family and State Relational Tensions in Confucian Ethics SOR- HOON TAN -- 9 Casuistry and Character in the Mencius ROBERT ENO -- 10 Mencius, Xunzi, and Dai Zhen A Study of the Mengzi ziyi shuzheng KWONG- LOI SHUN -- 11 The Nature and Historical Context of the Mencius E.BRUCE BROOKS AND A.TAEKO BROOKS -- 12 Mengzi as Philosopher of History DAVID NIVISON -- 13 Mencius and an Ethics of the New Century DONALD J. MUNRO -- Contributors -- Index.