Chapter 1 -- Taxonomic List of Extant Primates -- New Developments -- List of Extant Primates -- Chapter 2 -- Notes about Taxonomy -- Population Biology and Classification -- Traditional or Evolutionary Classification -- Numerical and Phenetic Classification -- Cladistics -- Cladistic Terminology -- Misunderstandings in Primate Classification -- The Tarsier Conundrum -- Chapter 3 -- A History and Objectives of Primatology -- The State of Affairs -- History -- Primatology a Branch of Biology -- The Future of Primatology -- Retrospection and Prediction -- Definition of Order Primates -- Chapter 4 -- Survey of Living Primates -- Survey of Living Tupaias and Prosimii -- Lemurs -- Lorises -- Tarsiers -- Survey of Living Anthropoidea -- New World Monkeys -- Old World Monkeys -- Hominoidea -- Chapter 5 -- Skull -- Skull development and two Kinds of Bones -- Orbital Region -- Nasal Region -- Skull Base and Brain Case -- Ear Region -- The Sinuses -- Comparative Skull Morphology -- Chapter 6 -- Brain -- Brain Morphology -- New Insights Into Brain Function -- Chapter 7 -- Teeth -- Tooth Morphology and Diet; can they Reliably be Correlated? -- Tooth Structure -- Dental Formulae -- Dental Typology -- Functional and Morphological Variation -- Chewing Mechanics -- Dental Formulae and Morphology -- What is New in Tooth Research? -- Chapter 8 -- Postcranial Skeleton -- Spine and Thorax -- Shoulder Girdle -- Pelvic Girdle -- Hands and Feet -- Fifth Extremity -- Locomotion -- New Technology Applied to the Study of Primate Locomotion -- Chapter 9 -- Sense Organs and Viscera -- Nose and Olfaction -- Outer Nose and Rhinarium -- Nose Based Taxonomy -- Olfaction -- The Olfactory Epithelium -- The Genetic Connection of Olfaction -- The Vomeronasal Organ -- The Genetic Connection of Pheromone Perception -- The Septal Organ of Masera -- Olfactory Messages -- Oral Cavity, Tongue and Taste -- The Palate -- The Tongue -- The Sublingua -- Taste -- The Neural Connection -- The Genetic Connection -- Auditory Region, Hearing and Vocalization -- Outer Ear -- Inner Ear -- Hearing -- Vocalization and Larynx -- Eye and Eyesight -- The Substructures of the Eyeball -- The Substructures of the Retina -- Macula Lutea and Fovea Centralis -- The Tapetum Lucidum -- The Genetic Connection: Opsins and Genes -- The Neural Connection -- Eyelids -- Recent Research and Review of Visual Adaptations -- Diarhythms and Biochronology -- Nutrition and Intestinal Tract -- Review of the Primate Diet -- Eating Soils and other unexpected Fare Morphology of the Intestinal Tract -- The Stomach -- The Small Intestine -- The Large Intestine -- Liver and Spleen -- Touch -- The Sensitive Skin -- The Genetic Connection -- Chapter 10 -- Placentation and Early Development -- Chapter 11 -- Reproductive Organs, Reproduction and Grooup -- Chapter 12 -- Chromosomes and Bloodgroups -- Chromosomes -- Bloodgroups -- Chapter 13 -- Molecular Primatology -- Molecular Clocks -- Mitochondrial DNA -- Problems of Phylogenetic Analysis using Molecular Data -- Chapter 14 -- Primate Genomics -- Transposable Elements and Numts -- Chapter 15 -- Conclusion nd a Glance at the Future -- Bibliography -- Index.

1. Taxonomic list of extant primates -- New developments -- List of extant primates -- 2. Taxonomy -- Hierarchical classification -- Population biology and classification -- Misunderstandings in primate classification -- The tarsier conundrum -- 3. A history and objectives of primatology -- The state of affairs -- History -- Primatology as a branch of biology -- The future of primatology -- Retrospection and prediction -- Definition of order primates -- 4. Survey of living primates -- Survey of living scandentia and prosimii -- Survey of Living anthropoidea -- 5. Skill -- Skull development and the two types of bone -- Orbital region -- Nasal region -- Skull base, braincase, and foramen magnum position -- Ear region -- The sinuses -- Comparative primate skull morphology -- 6. Brain -- Brain morphology -- Gene expression -- New insights into brain function -- 7. Teeth -- Tooth morphology and diet, can they be reliably correlated? -- Tooth structure -- Dental formulae -- Dental typology -- Functional and morphological variation -- Chewing mechanics -- Dental formulae and morphology -- What is new in primate tooth research? -- 8. Postcranial skeleton -- Spine and thorax -- Shoulder girdle -- Pelvic girdle -- Hands and feet -- Fifth extremity -- Muscles -- Locomotion -- New technologies applied to study primate locomotion -- 9. Sense organs and viscera -- Nose and olfaction -- Oral cavity, tongue, and taste -- Auditory region, hearing, and vocalization -- Eyes and eyesight -- Primate diarhythms and biochronology -- Nutrition and the intestinal tract -- Touch -- 10. Placentation and early primate development -- Lemuridae and lorisidae -- Tarsiidae -- Ceboidea and cercopithecoidea -- Callitrichidae -- Pongidae and hominidae -- 11. Reproductive organs, reproduction, and growth -- Text -- 12. Chromosomes and blood groups -- Chromosomes -- Blood groups -- 13. Molecular primatology -- The genetic material of cells -- Indirect methods to study molecular primatology -- Direct study of genetic material -- Problems of phylogenetic analysis using molecular data -- 14. Primate genomics -- The history of genetics -- Molecular phylogenetics -- The tarsier conundrum still not solved -- Genetic expression of human learning -- BAC, YAC, and PAC libraries -- Genes controlling human behavior -- View into the future of genomics -- Transposable elements and numts -- Outlook and reflections -- 15. Conclusions and a glance at the future -- Text.