Cover -- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE: VOLUME 3 -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of boxes -- Notes on contributors -- Preface and acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- List of units -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- The need for coastal zone management (CZM) -- The beach as a system -- Coastal cells as the basis for CZM -- The problem posed by human intervention on the beach -- Coming to terms with processes structuring the coast -- Coastal protection: the problematic front line of CZM -- Coastal management approaches -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 2 COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Background -- Key elements of ICZM -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 3 RIVER AND INLAND WATER ENVIRONMENTS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Rivers -- Upland rivers -- Lowland rivers -- The political dimension of river management -- Lakes -- Managing rivers and lakes -- References -- Suggested reading -- Acknowledgements -- Self-assessment questions -- 4 WETLANDS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Introduction -- Definition and classification -- Functions, values and benefits -- Adverse effects of wetland alteration -- Environmental management -- Policy guidelines -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 5 UPLAND AND MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Introduction -- Limitations and opportunities for use -- Agriculture in the uplands -- Forestry -- Other economic activity -- Recreation -- Hazards -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 6 SAVANNAS -- Summary.

Academic objectives -- Introduction -- Determining elements of savannas -- Use and management of savannas, past and present -- Research -- Restoration, management and recovery goals-a model for temperate North American oak savannas -- Recent developments -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 7 DESERT MARGINS: THE PROBLEM OF DESERTIFICATION -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Nature of the problem -- Sowing the seeds -- Tipping the balance: drought as a trigger mechanism -- Reaping the harvest: causes of desertification -- Management of desertification -- Increasing doubt and future directions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 8 TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Ecology of tropical rain forests -- Managing tropical forests -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 9 WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Introduction -- Definitions of some categories of protected areas in the world -- Characteristics of wilderness and other protected areas -- Pressures and hazards to wilderness and other protected areas -- Wilderness management -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 10 RURAL ENVIRONMENTS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Definition of rural areas and rural environments -- Differences between rural environments in developed and developing countries -- Rural environmental problems -- Management and development of rural environments -- Conclusions -- Reference -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 11 URBAN ENVIRONMENTS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Definitions of urban environments -- The growth of urban areas -- Differences of environmental problems between developing countries and industrialized countries.

Some urban environmental problems -- Environmental management of urban areas -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 12 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Introduction -- Broadening environmental management -- Integrating archaeological heritage in environmental management -- Is there a future for the past? -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 13 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPES: LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Introduction -- Landscape as an ecological system -- Landscape evaluation -- Landscape planning and management -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- 14 DISAPPEARING HUMAN ECOSYSTEMS -- Summary -- Academic objectives -- Introduction -- The Tuareg ecosystem -- Towards destabilization of the Tuareg world -- Ecosystem of Mixtecos Indians: exclusion or disappearance? -- General conclusions -- References -- Suggested reading -- Self-assessment questions -- Glossary -- Answers to self-assessment questions -- Index.