Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Are there values independent of humankind? -- 2 Towards Spinozism -- 1 Descartes -- 2 Kant -- 3 Popular romanticism -- 4 Hume -- 5 Spinoza -- 3 Spinozism -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 3: AGAINST IRRATIONALISM -- Irrationalism as epistemic amoralism -- Reason and authority -- Irrationalism as 'action not words' -- Universal and particular -- 4 Beyond Spinozism -- 5 Problems about the worth of being -- Good as being and good as end -- Deficient causes -- Degrees of being -- 6 Away from anthropocentrism -- 7 The worth of human beings -- Supplementary essay -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Notes -- Introduction -- 1 Are there values independent of humankind? -- 3 Spinozism: the work of reason -- 5 Problems about the worth of being -- 6 Away from anthropocentrism -- 7 The worth of human beings -- Supplementary essay -- Bibliography -- Name Index -- Subject Index.