This report presents an overview of the work during 2006-2007 of the Department of Reproductive Health and Research, which includes the UNDP/UNFPA/ WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP). The report covers both research activities and the technical support initiatives. Chapter 1 presents some of the general activities undertaken by the Department to advance sexual and reproductive health in the world. It also describes the Department's work in developing a monitoring framework for tracking progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, as well as the actual collection and synthesis of global data. Chapter 2 looks at activities in the area of family planning, a field that has seen tremendous advances in the past 30 years. Activities aimed at improving maternal and perinatal health are outlined in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes the Department's work in the area of reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection. Chapter 5 covers the work of HRP on unsafe abortion. Chapter 6 presents the Department's work on gender equity, reproductive rights, sexual health and adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Finally, Chapter 7 looks at the technical cooperation activities with countries, including research strengthening activities.