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Army and the Radical Left in Turkey, The : Military Coups, Socialist Revolution and Kemalism.

Ulus, Özgür Mutlu.

Army and the Radical Left in Turkey, The : Military Coups, Socialist Revolution and Kemalism.

Ulus, Özgür Mutlu.

9780857718808

Ulus, Özgür Mutlu.

1st ed.

1 online resource (281 pages)

Library of Modern Middle East Studies

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1. Research goals and questions -- 2. Outline -- 3. Sources and earlier literature -- 2 THE TURKISH MILITARY IN POLITICS: A SHORT SURVEY -- 1. The Turkish army and the founding of the republic -- 2. The 27 May intervention -- 3. 12 March 1971: intervention through an ultimatum -- 3 BETWEEN KEMALISM AND THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENTALISM: DOGAN AVCIOGLU AND YON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Politics after the 1960 intervention: vigorous forces as the revolutionary vanguard -- 3. Socialism as a development model -- 4. Yon pushing reforms -- 5. Organizing opposition: the founding of the SKD -- 6. Organizing an anti-imperialist common front -- 7. Elections and disillusionment: direction of Yon settled -- 8. Co-operation with an 'old-guard' for NDR -- 4 REVOLUTION THROUGH THE NARROW DOOR -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Order of Turkey: the manifesto of the 'Nationalist Revolutionaries' -- 3. The media of the junta: Devrim -- 4. Between theory and practice: 9 March or 12 March? -- 5 THE WORKERS' PARTY OF TURKEY: THE LONG ROAD TO SOCIALISM -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Socialist revolution discourse: TIP as the vanguard -- 3. TIP against 'short-cuts' to socialism -- 4. Rifts in the party: NDR or SR? -- 5. A feudal or an Asiatic state? New discussions on the role of the army -- 6. Disappointment in elections and disappearance of trust -- 7. Towards the 12 March military intervention and after -- 8. A brief conclusion -- 6 THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONARIES AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE ARMY -- 1. Introduction -- 2. No short-cut to socialism: socialism through NDR -- 3. NDR opposition in the TIP -- 4. The revolutionary vanguard problem: the role of the Kemalists bureaucracy and the army in NDR -- 5. Establishing a national front -- 6. NDR and student militancy: the 1968 generation.

7. NDR factions and their discourse on the army -- 7 THE VOICE OF THE TKP FROM ABROAD -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A concise review of the ideology of the TKP up to the 1960s -- 3. The TKP in the 1960s as an 'external bureau' -- 4. The TKP in the mid-1960s: the revolutionary leadership problem -- 5. Workers' revolt and the ambivalent position of the army -- 6. The military intervention and reaction of the TKP -- 7. Conclusion -- 8 THE KIVILCIMLI MOVEMENT IN SEARCH OF THE TURKISH PAST FOR A REVOLUTIONARY WARRIOR CULTURE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Kivilcimli movement in the 1960s -- 3. Kivilcimli's political thinking about the army -- 4. Kivilcimli's approach to the military interventions of 1960 and 1971 -- 5. Conclusion -- 9 CONCLUSION -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The armed forces as the guardian of the republic -- 3. Revolution through a coup or by means of a united national front -- 4. The anti-imperialist alliance: a problematic relationship -- 5. The revised Soviet theory and its impact on the Turkish left -- 6. Divergence in the Turkish left: SR strategy and the revolutionary leadership problem -- 7. Final remarks: the army, the state and capital relations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

In 1960s Turkey, the armed forces and the radical leftist movement provided two very dynamic, but very different, political forces. Yet, somewhat surprisingly, the majority of radical leftists in this period believed in the revolutionary potential of the armed forces in overthrowing the existing regime and replacing it with a quasi-socialist one. Covering the time between the two successful military interventions of 1960 and 1971, The Army and the Radical Left in Turkey considers the changing perspectives of the radical leftist movement towards the political role of the military in Turkey in this period. The democratic reforms which followed the 1960 coup allowed leftist groups to operate legally for the first time, and as a result, Marxist or quasi-Marxist groups expanded and diversified enormously in the years that followed. But one of the significant problems faced by the leftist movement in the 1960s was factionalisation and the issue of why the left could not maintain unity in Turkey during this period. Ulus argues here that differing and opposing attitudes towards the armed forces within the leftist movement was one of the key causes of factionalisation - and that these differences became even more noticeable towards the end of the 1960s. Examining the development of the leftist movement, its understanding of Kemalism, as well as the discourses and actions of the different leftist groups, including the Communist Party of Turkey and the Workers' Party of Turkey, Ulus analyses the political thought and organisational structures of these groups. She thereby shows why some leftists chose to encourage a military revolution, which they hoped would bring about the triumph of socialism in Turkey, but instead led to their downfall. As the 1960s ended with the radical left in disarray, this book will be invaluable for researches of the parties of the

left across the Middle East, as well as scholars of modern Turkish history and politics.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

Socialism -- Turkey -- History -- 20th century.

Turkey -- Armed Forces -- Political activity -- History -- 20th century.

Turkey -- Politics and government -- 1960-1980.

Electronic books.

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