Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Labour market dynamics in the new demographic context: Setting the scene -- 1.1. Global and regional demographic trends -- Global trends -- Regional trends -- 1.2. Global labour force dynamics -- Labour force trends -- Labour force participation -- Unemployment -- Education, skills and labour force trends -- Income security and older people's labour force participation -- Migration dynamics -- Urbanization and ageing population in the rural areas -- Economic crises -- Chapter 2: The economic and social implications of the new demographic context -- 2.1. Impact on economic development -- Demographic dividends: The window of opportunity? -- Life cycle deficit countries -- 2.2. Poverty and informality -- 2.3. Labour and skills shortages -- 2.4. Education and training -- 2.5. Labour productivity and earnings -- 2.6. Retirement patterns -- 2.7. Social protection coverage -- The crisis and social security -- Gender bias in access to social security -- Ageing and disability benefits -- Ageing and access to social health protection and long-term care -- 2.8. The sustainability of social security systems -- Chapter 3: Policy responses -- 3.1. An integrated life cycle and inter-generational perspective -- The virtuous circle of employment, social security and economic development -- Promoting full and productive employment throughout the life cycle -- Promoting family-friendly work practices -- Ensuring adequate and sustainable social security for all -- Making use of international labour standards and social dialogue -- 3.2. Policies for older workers -- Promoting non-discriminatory practices of diversity and age management -- Active labour market policies -- Adapting working time, working life and work organization -- Ensuring a safe and healthy working environment.

Providing health care and long-term care for the elderly -- Comprehensive approaches -- Chapter 4: The way forward: An integrated decent work framework for the demographic challenge -- 4.1. Core challenges and policy options -- 4.2. Elements of an integrated framework for maintaining high levels of employment and social protection throughout the crisis and beyond -- Pro-employment demand-side policies -- Creating decent jobs and extending social protection in countries with high fertility and rapidly growing populations -- Managing labour and skill shortages and ensuring the financial sustainability of social security systems in ageing countries -- Policies for older workers -- 4.3. Possible ILO follow-up action within an integrated decent work framework -- Chapter 5: Suggested points for discussion -- Appendix: ILO instruments concerning demographic change -- 1. Conventions -- 2. Recommendations.