Contents -- I. Introduction -- II. Defining Fiscal Space -- III. The Mams Model and Burkina Faso Calibration -- A. Features of MAMS -- B. Baseline Calibration of MAMS -- IV. Creating Fiscal Space -- A. Prioritizing Expenditures -- B. Increasing Aid Inflows -- C. Raising Domestic Revenue -- D. Comparing Gains in Fiscal Space -- E. Macroeconomic Impact -- F. Impact on Income Distribution -- G. Impact on MDGs -- V. Using Fiscal Space -- A. Human Development Spending Versus Infrastructure Spending -- B. Macroeconomic Impact -- C. Impact on Income distribution -- D. Impact on MDGs -- VI. Lessons -- References -- Tables -- 1. Factor Intensity by Sector -- Figures -- 1. MAMS Baseline Calibration and IMF Forecasts -- 2. Structural Change in the MAMS Baseline Simulation -- 3. Fiscal Space in the Prioritized Scenario -- 4. Fiscal Space in the Aid Scenario -- 5. Fiscal Space in the Revenue Scenario, 2007-30 -- 6. Comparing Fiscal Space in Priority, Aid, and Revenue Scenarios -- 7. Fiscal Space and Targeted Spending Increases -- 8. Cumulative Change in Real GDP, 2007-30 -- 9. Real GDP, 2007-30 -- 10. Trade Balance and Absorption -- 11. Reallocation of Factors Across Sectors in the Aid Scenario -- 12. Real Exchange Rate Adjustment -- 13. Impact on Income Distribution by Household Type -- 14. National Poverty Rate and Food Prices -- 15. Poverty Rates by Household Group -- 16. Education and Health MDG Indicators -- 17. Human Development vs. Infrastructure Spending -- 18. Real GDP Impact -- 19. Balance of Payments Indicators -- 20. Impact on Income Distribution by Household Type -- 21. Poverty Impact -- 22. Education and Health MDG Indicators -- Appendices -- I. Modeling of MDG Sectors in MAMS -- II. Budget Composition in Burkina Faso.