CONTENTS -- ABSTRACT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 1. Introduction -- PART 1-THE MAGNITUDE AND CAUSES OF POVERTY -- 2. Poverty and Social Indicators of "The Problem" -- 3. The Determinants of Poverty and Inequality: Endowments and Household Characteristics -- 4. Historical and Contextual Factors -- PART 2-KEY CHALLENGE: BUILDING OPPORTUNITIES AND ASSETS -- 5. Growth and Poverty -- 6. Livelihoods, Labor Markets, and Rural Poverty -- 7. Education and Poverty -- 8. Health, Malnutrition, and Poverty -- 9. Basic Utility Services and Poverty -- PART 3-KEY CHALLENGE: REDUCING VULNERABILITY -- 11. Vulnerability and Vulnerable Groups -- 12. Social Protection, Private Transfers, and Poverty -- PART 4-KEY CHALLENGE: EMPOWERMENT -- 13. Building Institutions and Empowering Communities -- PART 5-CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 14. Priority Actions to Reduce Poverty -- Annexes -- References -- LIST OF TABLES -- LIST OF BOXES -- LIST OF FIGURES -- TECHNICAL BACKGROUND PAPERS.