Contents -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Trends in Poverty and Inequality, Risk Indicators and the Reach of Chile's Social Protection System -- Changes in Poverty and Income Distribution Indicators Since 1998 -- Life Cycle Risk Indicators in Chile & the Reach of Social Protection -- Identifying The Principal Risks to Household Incomes in Chile-Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence -- 2. A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Risks to Income -- 3. Prudent Fiscal Management as Social Protection Policy -- Is Economic and Fiscal Management a Relevant Aspect of 21 Social Protection Policy? -- Aggregate Level Self-Insurance and Self-Protection in Chile -- Country Level Self-Insurance and Self-Protection, and Implications for Social Protection -- A General Concern with Fiscal Rules -- 4. Mitigating the Risk of Poverty From Job Loss -- The Risk of Job Loss -- Increasing Incidence and Duration of Unemployment: Cyclical or Structural? -- Chile Public Employment Programs -- Chile's Mixed Unemployment Insurance System, -- 5. The Risk of Poverty from Health Shocks -- Analyzing the Risk of Losses from Adverse Health Events -- Analysis of the Health System at the Aggregate Level -- How Well Does Chile's Health Insurance System Cover Households? -- Mitigating Poverty from Adverse Health Events at the Household Level -- Plan AUGE: Toward Providing all Chileans With Uniform Minimum Cover -- 6. The Risk of Poverty Due to Loss of Earnings Ability in Old Age -- The Risk of Losing Earnings Ability and Poverty in Old Age -- Covering the Population Against Loss of Earnings and Old Age Poverty: Aggregate Level Analysis -- Mitigating Loss of Earnings Ability and Old Age Poverty: Household Level Analysis -- Gradually Shifting the Relative Weights of Chile's Multi-Pillar Pension System.

7. "Residual" or Structural Poverty -- The Risk of Residual or Structural Poverty -- Quantitative Analysis to Identify the "Residual" Poor -- Residual Poverty, and Household Risk Management Among the Poor -- 8. Increasing the Effectiveness of Chile's Social Protection System -- Institutional and Information Concerns Raised by the Comprehensive Insurance Framework -- Chile's Current Institutional and Information Infrastructure -- Information Systems For Effective Social Protection -- Recommendations for Greater Institutional Coordination and Efficient Use of Data -- 9. Conclusions and Recommendations for Reform of Social Protection in Chile -- References -- LIST OF TABLES -- 1. Incomes and Income Distribution per Equivalent Adult in Chile, 1987-2000 -- 2. Income Shares per Decile in Chile, 1987-2000 -- 3. Poverty in Chile, 1987-2000 -- 4. Indicators of Relevant Risks To Earnings Capacity and Household Income Over the Life Cycle -- 5. Coverage of Chile's Principal Social Protection Programs and Interventions -- 6. Private and Public Social Sector Spending in 2002 -- 7. Minimum Wages and Wage Distribution in Selected Latin American Countries -- 8. Unemployment Rate, Incidence and Duration, Chile 1960-2001 (a & b) -- 9. The Comparative Costs of Unemployment Protection- Chile and Selected LCR and OECD Countries -- 10. Principal Features of Unemployment Insurance and Assistance Programs in Chile, 1953-2002 -- 11. Health Insurance Coverage in Chile by Income Group, 2000 -- 12. Health Insurance Coverage Among Chile's Households- Changes from 1998 and 2000 -- 13. Identifying Chile's "Residual" Poor-Share of Households that Have not Suffered from Principal Shocks to Income -- LIST OF FIGURES -- 1. Public Expenditure on Social Sectors as a Percentage of GDP in Selected Latin American and OECD Countries, 1998.

2. Public Spending on Social Protection Programs as a Percentage of GDP in Selected Latin American and OECD Countries, 1998 -- 3. Trends in Public Spending in the Social Sectors in Chile, 1992-2001, Aggregate Social Sector Spending -- 4. Trends in Public Expenditure on Chile's Principal Social Programs and Interventions, 1992-2001 -- 5. Reported Shocks that "negatively effected your household's economic situation" in the Three Years Previous to January 2000 -- 6. Prescribed Mitigation Instrument According to Size and Frequency of Potential Losses -- 7. Cyclical Component of GDP and All Public Expenditure -- 8. Cyclical Component of GDP and Total Social Expenditure -- 9. Country Risk Measures for Chile and Selected Countries in Latin America, 2000-July 2003 -- 10. Labor Market Trends and Macroeconomic Indicators in Chile, 1975-2000 -- 11. Minimum Wage as a Share of Average Wages in Latin American and OECD Countries -- 12. Changes in Chile's Minimum Wage, 1960-2001 (Index, 1970 = 100) -- 13. Changes in Unemployment and Average Unemployment Duration in Chile 1960-2001 -- 14. Number of Unemployed by Their Duration of Unemployment- Duration in Number of Weeks -- 15. Coverage of Chile's Health Insurance System -- 16. Distribution of Insurance Coverage and of New Cases of Health Related Poverty, 1998 and 2000 -- 17. Number of People Falling Under Poverty Line from Health Shocks by Insurance Type, (with and without Catastrophic Coverage) 1998 -- 18. Incidence of Out-of-Pocket Health Spending, by Income Quintile in 2000 -- 19. Reported Contribution Density-Contribution Months/ Months in EAP (Affiliates Men and women who Responded to the PRIESO, Santiago, January 2000 -- LIST OF BOXES -- 1. Country Level Self Insurance and Self Protection: Chile's Structural Surplus Rule -- 2. Low Labor Force Participation Among Women: A Barrier to Effective Risk Management.

3. Fitting Poverty within the Comprehensive Insurance Framework -- 4. Confronting "Residual," Structural Poverty: Chile Solidario -- 5. Balancing Government's Information Requirements, and Protection of Individual Privacy.