Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Statistical Partners -- Guide for Users -- Highlights -- PART I: SPECIAL CHAPTER: Green Urbanization in Asia -- Special Features of Urban Growth in Asia -- Environmental Implications of Urbanization in Asia -- Urban Air Pollution in Asia -- Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- Access to Clean Water and Sanitation -- Resilience to Climate Change -- Loss of Natural Ecosystems and Amenities -- Urban Slums and Urban Poverty -- Asia's Environmental Challenges: The Environmental Kuznets Curve -- The Environment-Urbanization Nexus in Asia -- Urban Agglomeration Helps Improve the Environment -- Manufacturing Relocation and Rise of the Middle Class and Property Owners -- Declining Fertility and Increasing Educational Attainment -- Quantifying the Environment-Urbanization Nexus -- Summary -- Policy Options for Green Cities -- Enhancing Efficiency and Conservation -- Promoting New Frontiers -- Protecting the Poor -- Finance, Transparency, and Accountability -- Summary -- Major Findings and Conclusion -- References -- Tables -- Table 1 Urbanization Level and Changes (actual and projected) -- Table 2 Urban Population at Risk of Coastal Flooding by Region, 2000 -- Table 3 Population and Area at Risk of Coastal Flooding, 2000 -- Table 4 Population and Area at Risk of Inland Flooding, 2000 -- Table 5 Top 40 Asian Cities(>1 million population) in Vulnerability to Coastal Flooding -- Table 6 Top 40 Asian Cities(>1 million population) in Vulnerability to Inland Flooding -- Table 7 The Environmental Kuznets Curve for Asia -- Table 8 United States Imports of High-Tech Green Equipment (%) -- Table 9 Population Growth and Urbanization -- Table 10 Percentage of Respondents' Willingness to Support Environmental Protection -- Table 11 The Environment-Urbanization Model -- Table 12 Water Pricing -- Figures.

Figure 1 Number of Years from about 10% to 50% Urbanization -- Figure 2 Increase in Urban Population in Asia (millions) -- Figure 3 Increase in Urban Population, 1950-2010 -- Figure 4 Regional Shares of Global Urban Population, 2010 (%) -- Figure 5 Level of Urbanization by Region (%) -- Figure 6 Number of Megacities -- Figure 7 Population Share of Largest Cities of Individual Countries, 2009 (% of total urban population) -- Figure 8 Top 25 Cities Ranked by Population Density, 2007 -- Figure 9 Urbanization Levels, ADB Subregion (%) -- Figure 10 Urbanization Levels, Selected Asian Economies (%) -- Figure 11 Urban and Rural Inequality in Asia (%) -- Figure 12 Theft Rate versus Level of Urbanization: Global Data -- Figure 13 Intentional Homicide Rates in Selected Countries -- Figure 14 Cities with PM[sub(10)] above 100 μ.g/m[sup(3)], 2008-2009 -- Figure 15 PMio Kernel Density, 2008-2009 -- Figure 16 Total Suspended Particulates at Manila Sites -- Figure 17 Top 5 Countries in Total CO[sub(2)] Emissions in 2008 -- Figure 18 CO[sub(2)] Emissions (t/capita) -- Figure 19 Vulnerability to Inland (top) and Coastal (bottom) Flooding -- Figure 20 Population at Risk of Coastal Flooding -- Figure 21 Population at Risk of Inland Flooding -- Figure 22 Scatterplot of CO[sub(2)] Emissions (t/capita) and GDP Per Capita (in 2005 PPP) -- Figure 23 Projected Per Capita CO[sub(2)] Emissions based on Estimated EKC -- Figure 24 GDP Per Capita and Level of Urbanization, 1980-2010 (All Countries, Asia, ADB Developing Member Economies) -- Figure 25 Infant Mortality Rate and Level of Urbanization, World, 1955-2010 -- Figure 26 Fertility Rates vs. Level of Urbanization in Asia -- Figure 27 Reduction in Projected Population due to Urbanization -- Figure 28 Education vs. Urbanization in Asia, 1980-2010 -- Figure 29 Environment-Urbanization Relationship in Asia.

Figure 30 Illustrative Environment-Urbanization Curve -- Figure 31 Shift in Fitted PM[sub(10)] Line in PRC Cities -- Boxes -- Box 1 Metros Moving People in Delhi and Shanghai -- Box 2 Estimating Risks of Inland and Coastal Flooding -- Box 3 The Environmental Kuznets Curve -- Box 4 Malaysian Decentralization -- Box 5 Bus Rapid Transit: The People's Way in Ahmedabad -- Box 6 From Waste to Energy in Singapore -- Box 7 Kawasaki Eco-Town -- Box 8 Smart Grid Energy Distribution -- Box 9 Small-Scale Energy Systems: Garment Factories in Bangladesh -- Box 10 Delhi's Shift to Compressed Natural Gas -- Box 11 Kampung Code River: Upgrading a Slum -- Box 12 Restoring the Cheonggyecheon River -- PART II: Millennium Development Goals Trends and Tables -- Introduction to the Millennium Development Goals -- Table 1. Cutoff Values for Selected MDG Indicators -- Table 2. Millennium Development Goals Progress Tracking -- Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger -- Table 1.1 Target l.A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day -- Table 1.2 Target l.B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people -- Table 1.3 Target l.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger -- Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education -- Table 2.1 Target 2.A: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling -- Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women -- Table 3.1 Target 3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education not later than 2015 -- Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality -- Table 4.1 Target 4.A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health -- Table 5.1 Target 5.A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio -- Table 5.2 Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health -- Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases -- Table 6.1 Target 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and Target 6.B: Achieve by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it -- Table 6.2 Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases -- Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability -- Table 7.1 Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources -- Table 7.2 Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss -- Table 7.3 Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation -- Table 7.4 Target 7.D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers -- Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development -- Table 8.1 Target 8.A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system -- Table 8.2 Target 8.B: Address the special needs of least developed countries -- Table 8.3 Target 8.C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing states -- Millennium Development Goals - Figures -- Figure 1.1 Proportion of Population Living on Less than 1.25 a Day, Earliest (1990-2003) and Latest (1996-2010) Years (%) -- Figure 1.2 Annual Percentage Point Change in Proportion of Population Living on Less than 1.25 a Day (percentage points).

Figure 1.3 Proportion of Population Living on Less than 2 a Day, 1995 and Latest (1998-2009) Years (%) -- Figure 1.4 Increase in People (in thousands) Living Below 2-a-Day Poverty Line in Selected Economies -- Figure 1.5 Poverty Gap Ratios, Earliest (1990-2003) and Latest (1996-2010) Years (%) -- Figure 1.6 Share of Poorest Quintile in National Income or Consumption, 1996-2010 (%) -- Figure 1.7 Employment-to-Population Ratio, 2011 (%) -- Figure 1.8 Percentage Point Change in the Employment-to-Population Ratio from 1991 to 2011 (%) -- Figure 1.9 Proportion of Employed People Living Below 1.25 a Day, Earliest (1991-2002) and Latest (1996-2009) Years (%) -- Figure 1.10 Proportion of Own-Account and Contributing Family Workers in Total Employment, Earliest (1990-2007) and Latest (1991-2009) Years (%) -- Figure 1.11 Prevalence of Underweight Children under Five Years of Age, Earliest (1989-2005) and Latest (1999-2011) Years (%) -- Figure 2.1 Total Net Enrollment Rate in Primary Education Below 95%, Latest Year (%) -- Figure 2.2 Percentage of Pupils Starting Grade 1 Who Reach the Last Grade of Primary, 1999 and 2009 or Nearest Year -- Figure 2.3 Literacy Rate Below 95% Among 15-24 Year-Olds by Gender, Latest Year (%) -- Figure 3.1 Gender Parity Index in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education, 2010 or Latest Years -- Figure 3.2 Percentage of Women in Nonagricultural Wage Employment, 2010 or Latest Year -- Figure 3.3 Proportion of Seats Held by Women in National Parliaments, 2000 and 2012 or Nearest Years (%) -- Figure 4.1 Under-Five Mortality Rate, Percent Reduction between 1990 and 2010 -- Figure 4.2 Under-Five and Infant Mortality Rates, 1990 and 2010 -- Figure 4.3 Proportion of 1-Year-Old Children Immunized Against Measles, 1990 or Earliest Year and 2010 (%) -- Figure 5.1 Maternal Mortality Ratio, 1990, 2000, 2010 (deaths per 1,000 live births).

Figure 5.2 Maternal Mortality Ratio, 1990, 2000, 2010 (deaths per 100,000 live births).