Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations, Acronyms and Symbols -- Summary of Conclusions -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1 Background -- A. Climate Change-A Global Problem -- B. Climate Change in Southeast Asia -- C. About This Study -- D. Organization of the Report -- References -- Chapter 2 Regional Circumstances -- A. Introduction -- B. Economic and Social Development -- C. Land Use and Natural Resources -- D. Summary -- References -- Part II: Climate Change, Its Impact and Adaptation -- Chapter 3 Climate Change and Its Impact: A Review of Existing Studies -- A. Introduction -- B. Observed and Projected Climate Change in Southeast Asia -- C. Observed and Projected Climate Change Impact -- D. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Modeling Climate Change and Its Impact -- A. Introduction -- B. Projected Global Climate Change -- C. Projected Climate Change in Southeast Asia -- D. Projected Climate Change Impact in Southeast Asia -- E. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Modeling the Economy-wide Impact of Climate Change -- A. Introduction -- B. Model and Scenario Assumptions -- C. Modeling Results -- D. Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Climate Change Mitigation -- Chapter 6 Climate Change Adaptation Options and Practices -- A. Introduction -- B. Building Adaptive Capacity -- C. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Water Resources Sector -- D. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Agriculture Sector -- E. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Forestry Sector -- F. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Coastal and Marine Resources Sector -- G. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Health Sector -- H. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Climate Change Mitigation Options and Practices -- A. Introduction -- B. Southeast Asia's GHG Emissions -- C. Mitigation Options and Practices.

D. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Energy Sector Mitigation Options -- A. Introduction -- B. Mitigation Options in the Energy Sector -- C. Marginal Abatement Cost Curves -- D. Conclusions -- Appendix 1: Results by Country -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Part IV: Policy Responses -- Chapter 9 Climate Change Policy: A Review -- A. Introduction -- B. National Policy and Actions in Southeast Asia -- C. Global and Regional Initiatives -- D. Financing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Activities -- E. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- A. Climate Change and Its Impact in Southeast Asia -- B. The Need for a Global Solution -- C. What Should Southeast Asia Do? -- References -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Table 2.1. Selected Economic and Social Indicators -- Table 2.2. Environmental and Natural Resource Indicators in Southeast Asia -- Table 2.3. Livestock Production in Southeast Asia -- Table 2.4. Freshwater Resources in Southeast Asia -- Table 2.5. Primary Forest in Southeast Asia (1990-2005) -- Table 2.6. Forest Plantations in Southeast Asia (1990-2005) -- Table 2.7. Tourist Arrivals in Southeast Asia (2000-2005) -- Table 3.1. Observed Temperature Changes in Southeast Asia -- Table 3.2. Projected Change in Mean Surface Air Temperature for Southeast Asia under A1FI and B1 (with respect to baseline period of 1961-1990), °C -- Table 3.3. Observed Change in Precipitation in Southeast Asia -- Table 3.4. Projected Change in Precipitation for Southeast Asia under A1FI and B1 (with respect to baseline period 1961-1990), % -- Table 3.5. Observed Changes in Extreme Events and Severe Climate Anomalies in Southeast Asia -- Table 3.6. Observed Change in Sea Level in Southeast Asia -- Table 3.7. Projected Global Average Surface Warming and Sea Level Rise in 2100.

Table 3.8. Summary of Observed Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources Sector in Southeast Asia -- Table 3.9. Summary of Observed Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture Sector in Southeast Asia -- Table 3.10. Rice Yield Change in Viet Nam (comparison with base year, 1980-1990), % -- Table 3.11. Maize Yield Change in Viet Nam (comparison with base year, 1980-1990), % -- Table 3.12 Summary of Observed Impacts of Climate Change on Forestry Sector in Southeast Asia -- Table 3.13. Projected Change in the Area of Natural and Plantation Forests in Viet Nam -- Table 3.14. Summary of Observed Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal and Marine Resources Sectorin Southeast Asia -- Table 3.15. Observed Impacts of Climate Change on Health Sector in Southeast Asia -- Table 4.1. World Population Growth and Economic Growth under B2 and A1FI -- Table 4.2. Population Growth and Economic Growth under B2 and A1FI -- Table 4.3. Population Aged 65 Years and above and Urban Population in the Four Countries -- Table 4.4. Definition of Biome Type -- Table 5.1. Key Assumptions Underlying A2 Scenario -- Table 6.1. Adaptation Options -- Table 6.2. Supply and Demand of Raw Water in Indonesia, by Island (2003) -- Table 6.3. Summary of Key Adaptation Options on Water Resources Sector -- Table 6.4. Adaptation Options in the Philippine Agricultural Sector -- Table 6.5. Summary of Index-based Insurance Schemes in Asia -- Table 6.6. Summary of Key Adaptation Options in Agriculture Sector -- Table 6.7. Summary of Key Adaptation Options in Forestry Sector -- Table 6.8. Measures to Enhance Adaptive Capacity of the Coastal Sector in the Philippines -- Table 6.9. Summary of Key Adaptation Options on Coastal and Marine Resources Sector -- Table 6.10. Summary of Key Adaptation Options in Health Sector -- Table 7.1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions (MtCO[sub(2)]-eq.).

Table 7.2. Global GHG Emissions by Sector in 2000 (MtCO[sub(2)]-eq.) -- Table 7.3. Trend of GHG Emissions in Southeast Asia (MtCO[sub(2)]-eq.) -- Table 7.4. Mitigation Options for the LUCF Sector in Southeast Asia -- Table 7.5. Key Energy-efficient Mitigation Technologies and Practices -- Table 7.6. Key Mitigation Technologies and Practices on Renewable and Cleaner Energies -- Table 7.7. Targets for Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuels in Thailand -- Table 7.8. Key Mitigation Technologies and Practices for the Transport System and Road Traffic Management -- Table 7.9. Mitigation Options in Agriculture in Southeast Asia -- Table 7.10. Effects of Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on N[sub(2)]O Emission in Rice Fields in Central Java, Indonesia (1997) -- Table 7.11. Potential Options for the Reduction of CH[sub(4)] Emissions in Rice Fields -- Table 8.1. Key "win-win" Mitigation Potential in the Four Countries, 2020 -- Table A.1. Mitigation Potential in Energy Sector and Total Cost in 2020 -- Table 9.1. Government Agencies and Climate Change Key Plans -- Table 9.2. Sectoral Policies, Programs, and Measures Relevant to Mitigation and Adaptation in Indonesia -- Table 9.3. National Policies in the Philippines Related to Adaptation -- Table 9.4. National Policies in the Philippines Related to Mitigation -- Table 9.5. National Climate Change Adaptation Plans and Implementation in Singapore -- Table 9.6. National Climate Change Adaptation Plans and implementation in Thailand -- Table 9.7. National Mitigation Plans and Implementation in Thailand -- Table 9.8. Priority Areas of Viet Nam's Agenda 21 and Current State of Related Laws and Regulations -- Table 9.9. Comparison of Policies on Energy Efficiency -- Table 9.10. Comparison of Renewable Energy Policies -- Table 9.11. Comparison of Biofuel Policies -- Table 9.12. Multilateral Financial Schemes.

Table 9.13. Bilateral Financial Schemes -- Table 9.14. Other Financial Schemes-Private Sector -- Figure 1.1. Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model Projections of Surface Warming -- Figure 2.1. Southeast Asian Countries -- Figure 2.2. Poverty Estimates in Southeast Asia -- Figure 2.3. Consumption Trend and Intensity of Fertilizer Use in Southeast Asia -- Figure 2.4. Regional Exports of Forest Products (1990-2006) -- Figure 2.5. Exported Wood-based Panels in Southeast Asia -- Figure 2.6. Exported Pulp for Paper in Southeast Asia -- Figure 3.1. Patterns of Linear Global Temperature Trends (1979-2005), °C per decade -- Figure 3.2. Trend in Annual Precipitation in Southeast Asia ( 1901-2005) -- Figure 3.3. Extent of Damages due to Floods/Storms (1960-2008) -- Figure 3.4. Number of Climate-Related Hazards Occurence by Type in Indonesia (1950-2005) -- Figure 3.5. Disasters in the Philippines (1905-2006) -- Figure 3.6. Sea Level Rise in Indonesia and the Philippines -- Figure 3.7. Changes in Volume of Water in Reservoirs in Java, Indonesia during La Niña and El Niño Years -- Figure 3.8. Relationship between Crop Yield and Climate (1991-2003) -- Figure 3.9. Forest Fire Destruction in the Philippines (1978-1999) -- Figure 3.10. Coastal Erosion at East Coast Park, Singapore -- Figure 3.11. Incidence of Dengue (histogram) and Affected Cities and Districts (line) in Indonesia -- Figure 3.12. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Key Sectors -- Figure 4.1. Global Mean Temperature Increase Relative to the 1990 Level -- Figure 4.2. Global Mean Precipitation Change (2100 Relative to 1990) -- Figure 4.3. Global Mean Sea Level Rise Relative to 1990 Levels -- Figure 4.4. Annual Average Temperature Increase Relative to 1990 in the Four Countries -- Figure 4.5. Annual Average Precipitation Change Relative to 1990 in the Four Countries.

Figure 4.6. Water Stress in River Basin Areas due to Global Warming under B2 (2050).