Cover -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- Approaches to Parking Supply Policy -- Minimum Parking Requirements and Parking Built with Buildings -- Parking Policy in Streets and Lanes -- Government Resources Devoted to Off-Street Parking Supply -- Policy toward Public Parking as a Business -- Parking as a Mobility Management Tool -- Car Parking Outcomes in Asian Cities -- Motorcycle Parking -- Parking Policy Trajectories? -- Policy Lessons and Conclusions -- References -- Appendixes -- Tables -- 1 Key Data (or Estimates) of the Cities in the Study -- 2 Contrasting Approaches to Parking Policy -- 3 Car Parking Required in Office and Retail Buildings -- 4 Parking Required in Apartment Buildings -- 5 Floor Area Thresholds in the Application of Parking Requirements in the Asian Cities Studied -- 6 Variations in the Application of Parking Requirements within the Asian Cities Studied -- 7 Number of Distinct Land Uses That Have Their Own Parking Requirements in Each City -- 8 Extent to Which Parking is Excluded from Allowable Built Space -- 9 How Common is Required Parking Space Diverted to Other Uses? -- 10 Parking Spaces per 100 m[sup(2)] of Floor Space in Small Samples of Buildings in Various Cities -- 11 Types of Parking Requirements in Asian Cities -- 12 Views on Parking Supply as a Problem -- 13 Perspectives on On-Street Parking as a Source of Problems -- 14 Parking Impacts on the Pedestrian Environment -- 15 Prevalence of Informal Parking Fee Collection -- 16 Hostility to the Existence of On-Street Parking -- 17 Use of Prices and Time Limits for On-Street Parking -- 18 On-Street Parking Pricing Mechanisms -- 19 On-Street Parking Space Reservation Practices in Asian Cities -- 20 On-Street Parking Enforcement Initiatives.

21 Importance of Government Provision of Off-Street Parking and Approaches to It -- 22 Prevalence of Parking in Private Buildings That Is Open to the Public -- 23 Privately Owned Stand-Alone Parking Structures -- 24 Prevalence of Temporary Private Vacant-Lot Parking Facilities -- 25 Motorcycles and Parking Requirement Regulations -- 26 Summary of Parking Policy Paths in Asia and Parts of the West -- Figures -- 1 Typical Parking Costs in the United States -- 2 Parking Requirements at Commercial Buildings versus Approximate Car Ownership -- 3 Home Parking Requirements versus Approximate Car Ownership -- 4 Locations of Home Parking Among Survey Respondents -- 5 Locations of Work-Based Parking Among Survey Respondents -- 6 Locations of Shopping and/or Entertainment Parking Among Survey Respondents -- 7 Proportion of Respondents Paying for Parking by Purpose -- 8 Proportion of Unbundled Parking Payments for Respondents Parking Inside Multi-Family Housing -- 9 Average Home-Based Parking Prices Paid by Survey Respondents per Month -- 10 Average Work-Based Parking Prices Paid by Survey Respondents per Month -- 11 CBD Parking Prices Compared with CBD Grade A Office Rents in Many International Cities -- 12 Work-Based Parking Paid on Short-Term versus Season Permit Basis -- 13 Importance of Parking in Priced Private Sector Off-Street Facilities Outside Destination Premises -- 14 Importance of Public Sector Off-Street Parking.