STUDIES IN GEOPHYSICS -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Overview and Recommendations -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- HYDROLOGY AND WATER-RESOURCE DESIGN -- CLIMATIC VARIABILITY -- LONG-RANGE FORECASTS OF CLIMATIC VARIABLES -- CLIMATIC CHANGE, DELIBERATE AND INADVERTENT -- CLIMATIC TRANSFER FUNCTIONS -- THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM OF PREDICTING FUTURE WATER DEMAND -- THE SOCIETAL IMPACT OF WATER SHORTAGES -- WATER LAW AND CLIMATIC CHANGE -- CONTRASTING PROBLEM AREAS-THE NORTHEAST AND THE SOUTHWEST -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES AND NOTES -- I CLIMATOLOGY -- 1 Water Supply and the Future Climate -- WHAT IS CLIMATIC CHANGE? -- PHYSICAL FACTORS CAUSING CLIMATIC CHANGE -- CLIMATIC MODELS AS ESTIMATORS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE -- FOOD-CLIMATE CONSIDERATIONS -- RELATION TO WATER-SUPPLY ISSUES -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Interpretation of Past Climatic Variability from Paleoenvironmental Indicators -- INTRODUCTION -- TRANSFER-FUNCTION ANALYSIS -- RESULTS OF STUDIES -- LONG-TERM PALEOCLIMATIC INFERENCES (GLOBAL AND HEMISPHERIC SCALE) -- Major Ice Ages in the Past Billion Years -- Glacial and Interglacial Stages of the Quaternary -- Postglacial Climatic History -- REGIONAL EVALUATION OF PALEO-HYDROLOGIC PHENOMENA -- Southwestern United States -- Northeastern United States -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- II SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS -- 3 Methods for Estimating and Projecting Water Demands for Water-Resources Planning -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITION AND USE OF THE TERM "DEMAND" -- STATE OF THE ART OF FORECASTING DEMANDS -- DEMAND ESTIMATING AND FORECASTING TECHNIQUES FOR AGRICULTURAL (IRRIGATION) WATER -- WATER DEMANDS IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES -- INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMANDS -- THERMOELECTRIC POWER WATER DEMAND -- COMMERCIAL DEMANDS FOR WATER -- HOUSEHOLD (RESIDENTIAL) WATER DEMANDS.

USE OF DEMAND FUNCTIONS IN WATER-RESOURCES SYSTEMS PLANNING -- THE ROLE OF WATER-USE INFORMATION IN FORECASTING FUTURE WATER DEMANDS -- IMPACT OF CLIMATIC VARIABILITY AND CHANGE TO FORECASTING DEMANDS -- WATER-USE FORECASTS FOR 2000 AND 2020 -- REFERENCES -- 4 Climatic Change and Water Law -- INTRODUCTION -- WATER RIGHTS -- PRIOR APPROPRIATION -- EASTERN WATER RIGHTS -- GROUNDWATER -- WATER ORGANIZATIONS -- GOVERNMENTAL, PUBLIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS -- FEDERAL POWERS AND PROGRAMS -- RESERVED RIGHTS, INDIAN RIGHTS -- STATE'S RIGHTS AND POWERS -- ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC RIGHTS -- LEGAL CHANGE TO MEET CLIMATE CHANGE -- NATURE OF LEGAL ADJUSTMENTS -- THE DIRECTION OF LEGAL CHANGE -- REFERENCES -- 5 Identification of Economic and Societal Impacts of Water Shortages -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPES OF WATER SHORTAGES -- ACTIONS TAKEN DURING SHORTAGES -- TYPES OF CONSUMERS -- IMPACTS OF SHORTAGES -- ECONOMIC EFFECTS -- SOCIAL EFFECTS -- EXAMINATION OF CASE STUDIES -- DALLAS, TEXAS -- YORK, PENNSYLVANIA -- TRENTON, NEW JERSEY -- DELAWARE RIVER BASIN -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- III WATER-RESOURCE DESIGN AND PRACTICE -- 6 Water-Resource Systems Planning -- INTRODUCTION -- CLIMATIC CHANGE -- WATER-RESOURCE SYSTEM DESIGN -- THE 3 R'S: ROBUSTNESS, REGRET, AND RESILIENCE -- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN WATER-RESOURCES PLANNING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Climatic Change and Water Supply: How Sensitive is the Northeast? -- INTRODUCTION -- THE REGIONAL SETTING -- EVALUATION OF CLIMATIC CHANGE -- EXAMPLES OF METROPOLITAN WATER-SUPPLY PROBLEMS -- EVALUATION OF METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLIES -- A SIMULATION APPROACH -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 8 Impact on the Colorado River Basin and Southwest Water Supply -- INTRODUCTION -- GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION -- CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- SURFACE-WATER RUNOFF -- WATER AND ENERGY IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN.

FLOW AUGMENTATION -- EFFECTS OF A DROUGHT ON THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN -- REFERENCES.