1. From biologically inspired computing to natural computing / Leandro de Castro, Fernando Von Zuben -- 2. Evolutionary turing machines / Penousal Machado ... [et al.] -- 3. Generalized external optimization / Fabiano de Sousa ... [et al.] -- 4. Genetic programming using a turing-complete representation / Taro Yabuki, Hitoshi Iba -- 5. Gene expression programming and the evolution of computer programs / Cândida Ferreira -- 6. The clonal selection principle for in silico and in vitro Computing / Vincenzo Cutello, Giuseppe Nicosia -- 7. Integrating evolutionary computation components in ant colony optimization / Sergio Alonso ... [et al.] -- 8. Ant colony algorithms for steiner trees / Gurdip Singh ... [et al.] -- 9. The influence of pheromone and adaptive vision in the standard ant clustering algorithm / Vahid Sherafat, Leandro de Castro, Eduardo Hruschka -- 10. Particle swarms / James Kennedy -- 11. Synthetic approach to semiotic artificial creatures / Angelo Loula ... [et al.] -- 12. Perspectives for strong artificial life / Jean-Philippe Rennard -- 13. Controlling robots with fractal gene regulatory networks / Peter Bentley -- 14. once more unto the breach / Mark Neal, Jon Timmis -- 15. Biologically inspired collective robotics / C. Kube ... [et al.] -- 16. Continuous attractor neural networks / Thomas Trappenberg.