Basic Science and Techniques -- History and Early Development of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty -- Spine Anatomy -- The Medical Management of Bone Health and Osteoporosis -- Surgical Options for Vertebral Compression Fractures -- Patient Evaluation and Selection -- Biomechanical Considerations -- Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: Procedure Technique -- Balloon Kyphoplasty and Lordoplasty -- Vertebroplasty Versus Kyphoplasty: A Comparison and Contrast -- Tumors -- Extreme Vertebroplasty: Techniques for Treating Difficult Lesions -- Sacroplasty -- Complications Associated with Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty -- Standards for the Performance of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: American College of Radiology and Society of Interventional Radiology Guidelines -- Case Studies -- Single-Level Vertebroplasty and Biopsy -- Multilevel Vertebroplasty -- Vertebra with a Cleft or Cavity -- The Mobile Vertebra: Height Restoration -- Extreme Vertebral Collapse -- Anterior Cervical Approach -- Vertebral Refracture After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty -- Percutaneous Sacroplasty -- Percutaneous Pelvic Augmentation: Supra-Acetabular Region -- Kyphoplasty in Osteoporotic Compression Fractures -- Femoral Neck Augmentation.