Structure and Organization of Metal Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrices -- Nanoparticles in Materials Chemistry and in the Natural Sciences (Introduction) -- Nucleation Mechanism of Nanoparticles and Metal Clusters, their Structure and Chief Properties -- Principles and Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Stabilization by Polymers -- Synthetic Methods for Metallopolymer Nanocomposite Preparation -- Physical Methods of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Polymers -- Chemical Methods of Metal-Polymer Nanocomposite Production -- Physico-Chemical Methods of Metal-Polymer Nanocomposite Production -- Hybrid Polymer—Inorganic Nanocomposites -- The Sol—Gel Process in Formation of Hybrid Nanocomposites -- Polymer Intercalation into Porous and Layered Nanostructures -- Nanobiocomposites -- The Main Applications of Metal-Polymeric Nanocomposites -- Nanoparticle Modifying Action on Polymers -- Magnetic, Electrical and Optical Properties of Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites -- Metallopolymeric Nanocatalysis -- Conclusion.