Wetland Birds : Habitat Resources and Conservation Implications.

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Plates -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The habitat perspective -- 1.2 Some biological issues -- 1.3 Some ecological viewpoints -- References -- 2 Wetlands: what, where, and why -- 2.1 Classification of wetlands -- 2.2 Factors influencing wetland formation -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Major groups of birds that use wetlands -- 3.1 Distribution and adaptations -- 3.2 Wetland bird groups -- 3.2.1 DIVERS -- 3.2.2 GREBES -- 3.2.3 PELICANS -- 3.2.4 SHAGS AND CORMORANTS -- 3.2.5 ANHINGA AND/OR DARTERS -- 3.2.6 FRIGATE BIRDS -- 3.2.7 WATERFOWL: DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS -- 3.2.8 FLAMINGOS -- 3.2.9 HERONS AND EGRETS -- 3.2.10 HAWKS AND EAGLES -- 3.2.11 RAILS, CRAKES, COOTS, AND CRANES -- 3.2.12 CHARADRIIFORMES -- 3.2.13 CUCKOOS -- 3.2.14 OWLS -- 3.2.15 KINGFISHERS -- 3.2.16 SONGBIRDS -- 3.2.17 SUMMARY -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Water and other resource influences -- 4.1 Water uses and influences -- 4.2 Salinity -- 4.3 Food -- 4.4 Resting -- 4.5 Thermoregulation -- 4.6 Escape cover -- 4.7 Habitat requirements for breeding -- 4.8 Habitat requirements for molting -- References -- 5 Foods, feeding tactics, strategies, and guilds -- 5.1 Potential foods typical of wetlands -- 5.2 Foraging behavior -- 5.3. Foraging strategies and tactics -- 5.4 Guilds -- 5.5.The where, when, and why of food use -- 5.6 Habitat segregation as related to food use -- References -- Further reading -- 6 Bird mobility and wetland predictability -- 6.1 Latitude and temperature -- 6.2 Precipitation and wetland influences -- 6.3 Influences of wetland type and water regimes -- 6.4 Nomadism -- 6.5 Local movements -- 6.6 Trophic niches, seasonality, and distribution patterns -- References -- Further reading -- 7 Other behavioral and physical influences on wetland living.

7.1 Territories and home ranges -- 7.2 Breeding chronology, phenology, and ranges -- 7.3 Geographical range -- 7.4 Pair bonds and other breeding behavior -- 7.5 Nest type and construction -- 7.6 Nest microhabitat -- 7.7 Egg and embryo adaptations -- 7.8 Precocity and plumage of newly hatched young -- 7.9 Plumages for swimming and diving -- 7.10 Body size -- 7.11 Sociality: feeding, nesting and resting associations -- 7.11.1 FEEDING -- 7.11.2 NESTING -- 7.11.3 ROOSTS AND RESTING BEHAVIOR -- References -- 8 Spatial and structural patterns -- 8.1 Vegetation life form -- 8.2 Horizontal patterns -- 8.3 Vertical structure -- 8.4 Wetland size -- 8.5 Wetland diversity -- 8.6 Wetland configuration -- 8.7 General habitat patterns and descriptors -- 8.7.1 BIRDS OF DEEP OPEN WATER -- 8.7.2 BIRDS OF SUBERGED AQUATIC BEDS -- 8.7.3 BIRDS OF FLOATING VEGETATION AND PAD PLANTS -- 8.7.4 BIRDS OF ROBUST OR PERSISTENT HERBACEOUS EMERGENTS -- 8.7.5 BIRDS OF NONPERSISTENT, MEADOW-LIKE EMERGENTS -- 8.7.6 BIRDS OF BOG MATS AND ORGANIC ISLANDS -- 8.7.7 BIRDS OF SHRUB AND FORESTED WETLANDS -- 8.7.8 BIRDS OF UNVEGETATED SHALLOW WATER, MUDFLATS, AND SANDBARS -- 8.7.9 TIDAL FLATS -- 8.7.10 EMERGENT SALT MARSH -- 8.7.11 RIVERINE POOLS, SUBSTRATES AND SHORES -- 8.7.12 BIRDS OF BOULDER, ROCK SUBSTRATE, AND OTHER HARDSHORES -- 8.7.13 BIRDS OF CONSTRUCTED PONDS, LAKES, AND RESERVOIRS -- 8.7.14 SUMMARY -- References -- 9 Habitat dynamics: water, plant succession, and time -- 9.1 Water variability -- 9.2 Temporal changes in wetland vegetation -- 9.3 Plant succession -- 9.4 Bird responses to short-term .uctuations in water regimes -- 9.5 Seasonality of bird responses to water and vegetation -- 9.6 Bird responses to long-term changes in water and vegetation -- 9.6.1 SMALL BASIN WETLANDS IN THE PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION OF NORTH AMERICA -- 9.6.2 SOUTH TEXAS COASTAL PONDS.

9.6.3 LARGER FRESHWATER BASIN WETLANDS -- 9.6.4 SOME ARGENTINE WETLAND DYNAMICS -- 9.6.5 AUSTRALIAN ARID-LAND WETLANDS -- 9.6.6 THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES -- 9.6.7 WOODED WETLANDS -- 9.6.8 STREAM-SIDE OR RIPARIAN WETLANDS -- 9.6.9 TIDAL ESTUARINE WETLANDS -- References -- 10 Population consequences of wetland abundance and quality -- References -- Further reading -- 11 How birds influence wetlands -- References -- 12 Conservation implications -- 12.1 Influence of bird biology on conservation approaches -- 12.2 Population and species influences on conservation strategies -- 12.3 Bird assemblage and community-level issues -- 12.4 Wetland influences on bird conservation approaches -- 12.4.1 WITHIN-WETLAND COMPARISONS -- 12.4.2 AMONG-WETLAND COMPARISONS -- 12.5 Values of wetland complexes or clusters -- 12.6 Values of wetland water fluctuations -- 12.7 Vegetation dynamics -- References -- 13 Measures of bird habitat use and quality -- 13.1Species diversity and population assessment -- 13.1.1 SPECIES-LEVEL ASSESSMENT -- 13.1.2 MULTISPECIES LEVEL ASSESSMENT -- 13.1.3 EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMON BIRD SURVEYS -- 13.2 Habitat diversity and other wetland quality issues -- References -- Further reading -- 14 Current status and some conservation problems -- 14.1 Wetland losses -- 14.2 Human impacts on existing wetlands -- 14.3 Direct disturbance of waterbirds in remaining wetlands -- 14.4 Unwanted biodiversity -- References -- Further reading -- 15 Conservation and management strategies -- 15.1 Habitat management approaches -- 15.1.1 AVIAN HABITAT MANAGEMENT IN EXISTING WETLANDS -- 15.1.2 RESTORATION, ENHANCEMENT, AND CREATION OF WETLANDS -- 15.2 Impact assessment and advanced planning -- 15.3 Population management -- References -- 16 Outlook -- References -- 17 Epilogue -- Appendix 1 Scientific names of birds and bird groups.

Appendix 2 Scientific names of animals and animal groups other than birds -- Appendix 3 Scientific names of plants and plant groups -- Index of birds and bird groups -- Subject index.