Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Languages -- 2.1 Linguistics as the study of language systems -- 2.2 Languages as sets of utterances -- 2.3 The autonomy of linguistics -- 3 Sound systems -- 3.1 The prehistory of the phoneme -- 3.2 Phonology -- 3.3 'Structuralism' -- 4 Diachrony -- 4.1 Diachronic phonology -- 4.2 System and norm -- 4.3 'Universals' -- 5 The architecture of a language system -- 5.1 Expression and content -- 5.2 Phonology and grammar -- 5.3 Deep structure and surface structure -- 6 Internalised language -- 6.1 Generative grammars -- 6.2 'Knowing a language' -- 6.3 Universal Grammar and diachrony -- 7 Structural semantics -- 7.1 Meanings as invariants -- 7.2 Semantic fields -- 7.3 Semantic interpretations -- 8 Structuralism in 2000 -- References -- Index.