Front Cover -- Free Well: An historical and philosophical introduction -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- Part I: Early Greek thinkers: moral determinism and individual responsibility -- 1. Homer and the Iliad: necessity and grace -- 1. War: its hazards and necessities -- 2. Simone Weil on the Iliad: necessity and grace -- 3. Homer's objectivity: love and detachment -- 4. The world of human bondage and the possibility of freedom -- 2. Sophocles' Oedipus: fate, human destiny and individual responsibility -- 1. The meaning of fate and its way of working in Oedipus' life -- 2. Oedipus's lack of self-knowledge and the way it seals his fate -- 3. Freud's Oedipus complex and the play -- 4. Oedipus' lack of freedom and his downfall -- 5. Conclusion: was Sophocles a determinist? -- 3. Plato and moral determinism -- 1. Good, evil and self-mastery - the Phaedrus -- 2. Freedom and self-mastery - the Gorgias -- 3. Love of goodness and slavery to evil -- 4. Conclusion: moral knowledge and freedom -- 4. Aristotle: moral knowledge and the problem of free will -- 1. Aristotle's treatment of voluntary action and moral responsibility -- 2. Are vices voluntary? -- 3. Self-mastery and weakness of will -- 4. Conclusion -- Part II: The coming of age of Christianity: morality, theology and freedom of the will -- 5. St Augustine: free will, the reality of evil, and our dependence on God -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The reality of free will -- 3. Good and evil: free will and God's grace -- 4. Free will and God's foreknowledge -- 5. Conclusion -- 6. St Thomas Aquinas: reason, will and freedom of decision -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The will as rational appetite and its freedom -- 3. The will and the intellect: good and evil -- 4. Free will, goodness and grace -- 5. Free will and God's foreknowledge -- 6. Conclusion.

Part III: The rise of science: universal causation and human agency -- 7. Descartes' dualism: infinite freedom with limited power -- 1. The mind and the body -- 2. Human action and the will -- 3. Freedom of the will in Descartes -- 8. Spinoza: human freedom in a world of strict determinism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The most fundamental of Spinoza's conceptions ofdeterminism -- 3. Detachment, acceptance and self-knowledge -- 4. Finding freedom through yielding to the inevitable -- 9. Hume and Kant: reason, passion and free will -- 1. 'Passion and reason, self-division's cause' -- 2. Hume and Kant: a conceptual dichotomy -- 3. Kant and Hume on free will and determinism -- 4. Kant's conception of psychology as an 'anthropological science' -- Part IV: The age of psychology: reason and feeling, causality and free will -- 10. Schopenhauer: free will and determinism -- 1. Schopenhauer's arguments for determinism -- 2. Flaws in Schopenhauer's arguments -- 3. Character and change -- 4. Conclusion -- 11. Freud: freedom and self-knowledge -- 1. Freud on the psychological limitations of humanfreedom -- 2. Self-knowledge and change in psycho-analytic therapy -- 3. Conclusion -- 12. Sartre: freedom as something to which man is condemned -- 1. Freedom, consciousness and human existence -- 2. Absolute freedom in the face of obstacles, necessities and an irrevocable past -- 3. The burden of freedom, bad faith and autonomy throughself-knowledge -- 4. Freedom and choice -- 13. Simone Weil: freedom within the confines of necessity -- 1. The duality of man -- 2. Gravity and grace -- 3. Free will and necessity -- 4. Freedom in a world of necessity: Simone Weil and Spinoza -- 5. Conclusion -- 14. G E Moore: free will and causality -- 1. G E Moore on free will and determinism -- 2. J L Austin's criticism of Moore -- 3. The principle or law of causality -- 4. Conclusion.

15. Wittgenstein: freedom of the will -- 1. Science and the freedom of the will -- 2. Wittgenstein and Simone Weil: the thief and the falling stone -- 3. Wittgenstein and Schopenhauer: determination of our decisions -- 4. Choice and causality: 'He was brought up to think as he does' -- 5. Freedom and predictability -- 6. Conclusion -- 16. Conclusion: human freedom and determinism -- 1. Sources of the problem -- 2. Relative freedom and bondage: autonomy and bad faith -- 3. Theological dimension: human freedom and God's foreknowledge -- 4. Causality and freedom -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.