Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Is the Local Group typical? -- 1.2 Discovery of the Local Group -- 2 Local Group membership -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Incompleteness of the sample -- 2.3 Substructure within the Local Group -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 The Andromeda galaxy (M31) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Reddening and distance -- 3.3 The mass of the Andromeda galaxy -- 3.4 The nucleus of M31 -- 3.5 The nuclear bulge of M31 -- 3.6 The disk of the Andromeda galaxy -- 3.6.1 Surface brightness of the disk -- 3.6.2 Spiral structure -- 3.6.3 OB associations -- 3.6.4 Young star clusters -- 3.6.5 H II regions -- 3.6.6 Large-scale distribution of gas and dust -- 3.6.7 Reddening of starlight by dust -- 3.7 The halo of M31 -- 3.7.1 Star counts in the halo -- 3.7.2 Color-magnitude diagrams -- 3.7.3 Dark matter in M31 -- 3.8 Globular clusters -- 3.8.1 Distribution of globulars -- 3.8.2 Kinematics of M31 clusters -- 3.8.3 Spectroscopy of globular clusters -- 3.8.4 Radii of globular clusters -- 3.9 Variable stars -- 3.10 Supernovae -- 3.11 Novae -- 3.12 Planetary nebulae -- 3.13 X-ray observations of M31 -- 3.14 Summary -- 4 The Milky Way system -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The nucleus of the galaxy -- 4.3 The nuclear bulge of the galaxy -- 4.4 The Galactic disk -- 4.4.1 Evolution of the Galactic disk -- 4.4.2 Age of the Galactic disk -- 4.4.3 Old open clusters -- 4.5 Young spiral arm tracers -- 4.6 The Galactic halo -- 4.7 Galactic globular clusters -- 4.8 Galactic supernovae -- 4.9 Novae -- 4.10 Planetary nebulae -- 4.11 Comparison with M31 -- 4.12 Summary and desiderata -- 5 The Triangulum galaxy (M33) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Reddening and distance -- 5.3 The nucleus of M33 -- 5.4 Central bulge and halo of M33 -- 5.5 Disk of M33 -- 5.6 Star clusters -- 5.7 Associations and spiral structure.

5.8 H II regions in the Triangulum Galaxy -- 5.9 Supernovae and supernova remnants -- 5.10 Variable stars -- 5.11 Summary and desiderata -- 6 The Large Magellanic Cloud -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Distance and reddening -- 6.2.1 Reddening of the large cloud -- 6.2.2 Distance to the Large Cloud -- Cepheids -- RR Lyrae variables -- Red clump stars -- Mira variables -- M-type supergiants -- Young clusters -- Supernova 1987A -- Eclipsing binaries -- 6.3 Global properties -- 6.4 Star clusters -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Populous Young blue clusters -- 6.4.3 LMC globular clusters -- 6.5 Young clusters and associations -- 6.5.1 Associations and superassociations -- 6.5.2 Evolution of cluster distribution -- 6.5.3 30 Doradus and R 136 -- 6.6 Variable stars -- 6.6.1 Cepheids -- 6.6.2 RR Lyrae stars -- 6.6.3 Novae -- 6.6.4 Other types of variables -- W Virginis stars -- R Corona Borealis variables -- Eclipsing variables -- Long-period variables (LPVs) -- Hubble-Sandage variable -- 6.7 Evolutionary history of the Large Cloud -- 6.7.1 The rate of cluster formation -- 6.7.2 The rate of star formation -- 6.7.3 Carbon stars and evolutionary history -- 6.7.4 Globular clusters and evolution -- 6.8 Supernovae -- 6.8.1 SN 1987A -- 6.8.2 Supernova remnants -- 6.9 Planetary nebulae in the LMC -- 6.10 Interstellar matter -- 6.11 X-ray and Gamma-ray emission -- 6.12 Interactions between the Magellanic Clouds -- 6.13 Summary and conclusions -- 7 The Small Magellanic Cloud -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Distance and reddening -- 7.3 Global properties -- 7.4 Star clusters -- 7.5 Variable stars -- 7.5.1 Cepheids -- 7.5.2 Novae -- 7.5.3 Other types of variable stars -- 7.6 Evolutionary history -- 7.7 Interstellar matter -- 7.8 Supernova remnants -- 7.9 Interactions of SMC with LMC -- 7.10 Summary and conclusions -- 8 The elliptical galaxy M32 (= NGC 221) -- 8.1 Introduction.

8.2 The nucleus of M32 -- 8.3 Stellar populations -- 8.4 Summary -- 9 The irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 6822 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Distance and reddening of NGC 6822 -- 9.3 Stellar populations and star forming history -- 9.3.1 Young objects -- 9.3.2 Old and intermediate-age objects -- 9.4 Interstellar matter -- 9.5 Radio radiation and X rays -- 9.6 Summary and conclusions -- 10 The starburst galaxy IC 10 -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Distance and reddening -- 10.3 Stellar population -- 10.4 Interstellar matter -- 10.5 Summary -- 11 Faint dwarf irregular galaxies -- 11.1 IC 1613 -- 11.1.1 Introduction -- 11.1.2 Distance and reddening -- 11.1.3 Interstellar material -- 11.1.4 Stars and clusters -- 11.1.5 Summary -- 11.2 The Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte system (= DDO 221) -- 11.2.1 Introduction -- 11.2.2 Distance and reddening -- 11.2.3 Stars and clusters -- 11.2.4 Summary and desiderata -- 11.3 The Pegasus dwarf irregular (= DDO 216) -- 11.3.1 Introduction -- 11.3.2 Stellar content -- 11.3.3 Summary and conclusions -- 11.4 The Aquarius dwarf irregular (= DDO 210, = AqrDIG) -- 11.5 SagDIG, the faintest irregular -- 11.6 The Pisces dwarf (= LGS 3) -- 11.6.1 Introduction -- 11.6.2 Stellar content -- 11.6.3 Neutral hydrogen gas -- 11.7 The Phoenix dwarf galaxy -- 11.8 The local group member Leo A (= DDO 69) -- 11.8.1 Distance to Leo A -- 11.8.2 Stellar population of Leo A -- 11.8.3 Radio observations of Leo A -- 12 Spheroidal galaxies -- 12.1 The spheroidal galaxy NGC 205 -- 12.1.1 Introduction -- 12.1.2 Star clusters -- 12.1.3 Evolutionary history -- 12.1.4 Interstellar material -- 12.1.5 Summary and desiderata -- 12.2 The spheroidal galaxy NGC 185 -- 12.2.1 Distance and reddening -- 12.2.2 Stellar populations -- 12.2.3 Stellar kinematics -- 12.2.4 Interstellar material -- 12.2.5 Summary and conclusions -- 12.3 The spheroidal galaxy NGC 147.

12.3.1 Introduction -- 12.3.2 Distance and reddening -- 12.3.3 Evolution and stellar populations -- 12.3.4 Summary and conclusions -- 13 The most luminous dwarf spheroidal galaxies -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The Fornax dwarf -- 13.2.1 Discovery and large-scale structure -- 13.2.2 Evolutionary history -- 13.2.3 Globular clusters -- 13.2.4 Summary and conclusions -- 13.3 The Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal -- 13.3.1 Introduction -- 13.3.2 The Sagittarius globular clusters -- 13.3.3 Evolutionary history -- 13.3.4 Interstellar matter -- 13.3.5 Tidal interactions -- 13.3.6 Summary -- 14 Dwarf spheroidals in the Andromeda subgroup -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Andromeda I -- 14.3 Andromeda II -- 14.4 Andromeda III -- 14.5 The recently discovered dwarf Andromeda V -- 14.6 Additional probable and possible members of the Andromeda subgroup -- 14.6.1 Pegasus dwarf spheroidal (= And VI) -- 14.6.2 The Cassiopeia dwarf spheroidal (= And VII) -- 14.6.3 Dwarf in Camelopardalis -- 14.6.4 Two Andromeda subgroup suspects -- 14.7 Summary -- 15 Faint dwarf spheroidals -- 15.1 The dwarf spheroidal Leo I -- 15.2 The Carina dwarf spheroidal -- 15.3 The Sculptor system -- 15.4 The Draco dwarf spheroidal -- 15.5 The recently discovered dwarf in Tucana -- 15.6 The dwarf spheroidal Leo II -- 15.7 The Sextans dwarf spheroidal -- 15.8 The Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal -- 15.9 Summary and conclusions -- 16 The outer fringes of the Local Group -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 3109 -- 16.3 Antlia -- 16.4 The dwarf irregular Sextans B -- 16.5 The dwarf irregular Sextans A -- 16.6 The dwarf irregular galaxy EGB 0419 + 72 -- 16.7 Summary and conclusions -- 17 Intergalactic matter in the Local Group -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Tidal debris -- 17.3 High-velocity clouds -- 18 Dynamical and physical volution -- 18.1 Missing mass.

18.2 Orbits of individual galaxies -- 18.3 Luminosity evolution -- 19 Properties of the Local Group -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 The motions of Local Group galaxies -- 19.3 The luminosity distribution for Local Group galaxies -- 19.4 Local Group statistics -- 19.4.1 Metallicity versus luminosity -- 19.4.2 Luminosity versus Disk scale-length -- 19.4.3 Metallicity versus disk scale-length -- 19.5 Distribution of Local Group members -- 20 Conclusions -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Local Group calibrators -- 20.3 Evolution of Local Group galaxies -- 20.4 Mergers and galaxy destruction -- 20.5 Historical perspective -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Object Index.