Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part I The Original Text: Classical Realism and Quantitative International Politics -- Preface to the Original Text -- Acknowledgments -- 1 The role of paradigms in scientific inquiry: a conceptual framework and a set of principles for paradigm evaluation -- Defining the concept of paradigm -- Describing scientific inquiry -- Evaluating scientific inquiry -- 2 The role of the realist paradigm in the development of a scientific study of international relations -- The idealist phase -- The realist tradition -- The realist tradition and the behavioral revolt -- Conclusion -- 3 Research design: defining and operationalizing the realist paradigm -- Deriving propositions -- Defining the realist paradigm -- Operationalizing the realist paradigm -- 4 Theory construction as a paradigm-directed activity -- Introduction -- The proposition -- Research design -- Preliminary empirical tests -- Continuity and change in the intellectual development of the field: an interpretive review of the literature -- Conclusion -- 5 Data making as a paradigm-directed activity -- The proposition -- Kuhn's analysis -- Data making: what it is and why it occurs -- Data making in international relations during the pre-realist and behavioral periods -- Research design -- Operationalization and measurement -- Deriving hypotheses -- The sample -- The findings -- Data making in the 1970s -- Conclusion -- 6 Research as a paradigm-directed activity -- The proposition -- Research design -- Operationalization and measurement -- Deriving hypotheses -- The samples -- The findings -- Conclusion -- 7 Evaluation: the adequacy of the realist paradigm -- How to evaluate paradigms -- The criteria -- A framework for evaluating paradigms -- The data.

The criterion of accuracy -- Operationalization and measurement -- Test design -- The findings -- The criterion of centrality -- Operationization and measurement -- Test design -- The findings -- The criterion of scientific importance -- Operationalization and measurement -- Test design -- The findings -- Conclusion and implications -- 8 Theory and research in the 1970s: the emerging anomalies -- Introduction -- The first assumption -- The third assumption -- Toward a new paradigm -- The future of the scientific study of international relations -- Part II Neorealism and Neotraditionalism: International Relations Theory at the Millennium -- 9 Retrospective: neorealism and the power of power politics -- The contribution of The Power of Power Politics -- The continuing validity of its tenets: cause for celebration and despair -- The unchanging structure -- Domestic politics and levels of analysis -- Anarchy -- Neorealism and the central concern of the field - war -- Conclusion -- 10 The promise and potential pitfalls of post-modernism: the need for theory appraisal -- The promise of post-modernism -- 1. The arbitrary nature of modernity -- 2. Choice posing as Truth -- 3. Reality is a social construction -- 4. Language and conceptual frameworks are prone to self-fulfilling prophecies -- 5. The process of identification and the construction of identity is a form of power and an act of violation -- The pitfalls -- Reconstructing scientific inquiry after Enlightenment's fall -- Overcoming relativism within scientific inquiry -- Conclusion -- 11 The realist paradigm as a degenerating research program: neotraditionalism and Waltz's balancing proposition -- The criterion -- The research program to be analyzed -- The balancing of power - the great new law that turned out not to be so -- Balancing vs. bandwagoning -- Buck-passing and chain-ganging.

Historical case studies -- Shirking the evidence and proving the point -- Conclusion -- 12 Mearsheimer's multipolar myths and the false promise of realist policy prescriptions: the empirical inaccuracy of the… -- The criteria -- The multipolar myth - the evidence -- False promises -- Quantitative research on norms and institutions -- The causal logic of relative gains -- Nuclear deterrence and multipolar peace -- Conclusion -- 13 Challenging the relevance and explanatory power of the realist paradigm: the debate on the end of the Cold War -- The major policy anomaly -- Ex post facto analysis -- The problem of timing -- The magnitude of retrenchment and decline -- The role of domestic politics -- The outlines of a nonrealist explanation -- Leadership change -- Testable differences -- External variables -- The minor policy anomaly -- A brief note on liberal explanations -- Conclusion -- 14 Conclusion: the continuing inadequacy of the realist paradigm -- The criteria of adequacy and the case studies -- The findings of the case studies -- Prolegomenon to any future adequate paradigm -- Where do we go from here? -- References -- Name index -- Subject index.