Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Acknowledgments -- 1 The Puzzle and the Theory -- I. The Argument -- II. The Theory: Money Politics, Rent Seeking, and Corruption -- 1. The Politics of Corruption -- 2. Types of Corruption: Bottom-Up or Top-Down -- 3. Measurement -- III. Conclusion -- 2 Comparing Korea and the Philippines -- I. Contrasting Colonial Legacies -- II. The Role of External Threats -- 1. No Threat to the Philippines -- 2. Severe External Threat to South Korea -- III. Economic Performance -- 1. Investment and U.S. Aid -- 2. Agriculture and Exports -- 3. Economic Policies -- IV. Politics and Society -- 1. Oligarchs and Networks -- 2. Education -- V. Conclusion -- 3 Institutions: Bureaucrats and Rulers -- I. Personnel Policy and the Organization of the Civil Service in South Korea -- 1. Cabinet Composition -- 2. Examination Procedures -- 3. Internal Promotion -- 4. Monitoring and Enforcing Bureaucratic Compliance under Rhee and Park -- II. Clientelism and Reform in the Philippines -- 1. The Democratic Era: Patronage Plus -- 2. Education and Exams -- 3. Marcos and Martial Law -- 4. State Strength and the Marcos Regime -- III. What Was Different in Korea? Credible Commitments and the Bifurcation of the State under Park -- IV. Park's Major Policy Shifts -- V. Conclusion -- 4 Mutual Hostages in Korea -- I. Politicians: The Demand for Political Funds -- II. Businessmen: The Supply of Bribes in Exchange for Rents -- 1. The Logic of the Exchange -- 2. How the Process Worked in Practice -- III. Mutual Hostages -- IV. Conclusion -- 5 Bandwagoning Politics in the Philippines -- I. The Democratic Era (1946-1972) -- 1. Parties and Elections -- 2. Policy -- II. Marcos and Martial Law (1972-1986) -- 1. The Players -- 2. The Competitors -- 3. The Survivors -- 4. The Endgame.

III. Philippine Bandwagoning and the Pendulum of Corruption -- 1. Similarities -- 2. Differences -- IV. Conclusion -- 6 Democracy in the 1980s and the Financial Crisis of 1997 -- I. Democratic Transitions in the 1980s -- II. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 -- 1. Korea -- 2. The Philippines -- III. Conclusion -- 7 Conclusion: Corruption and Development -- I. Corruption and Development -- II. Conclusion -- Index.