Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the first edition -- Preface to the second edition -- 1 General features of the plant kingdom -- Characteristics of the living state -- Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition -- Structure of the phototrophic cell -- Origin of the eukaryotic condition -- Evolutionary consequences of photosynthesis -- The mobility of plants -- Life cycles -- Life cycles of the transmigrant forms -- Sexual reproduction in later terrestrial vegetation -- Classification of the chlorophyllous phototrophs -- 2 The subkingdom Algae: Part 1 -- Biological features of algae -- Algae in which the chlorophyll is wholly or predominantly chlorophyll a -- Prokaryotic forms -- CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA) -- Cytology -- Distribution -- Reproduction -- Representative species -- Eukaryotic forms -- RHODOPHYTA -- Bangiophycidae -- Reproduction -- Florideophycidae -- Reproduction -- Life histories of the Rhodophyta -- Relationships of the Rhodophyta -- 3 The subkingdom Algae: Part 2 -- Algae containing chlorophylls a and b -- Prokaryotic forms -- PROCHLOROPHYTA -- Eukaryotic forms -- CHLORACHNIOPHYTA -- CHLOROPHYTA -- Prasinophyceae -- Chlorophyceae -- Unicellular forms of the Volvocales -- REPRODUCTION -- OTHER UNICELLULAR FORMS -- Morphology and reproduction of motile colonies -- REPRODUCTION OF VOLVOX -- The Tetrasporales -- The Chlorococcales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Chlorosphaerales -- The Chaetophorales -- REPRODUCTION AND RELATIONSHIPS -- The Oedogoniales -- THE THALLUS -- REPRODUCTION -- RELATIONSHIPS -- Ulvophyceae -- The Ulotrichales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Ulvales -- REPRODUCTON -- The Prasiolales -- The Cladophorales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Siphonales -- REPRODUCTION -- RELATIONSHIPS -- Charophyceae -- The Mesotaeniales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Desmidiales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Zygnematales -- REPRODUCTION.

The Coleochaetales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Charales -- REPRODUCTION -- RELATIONSHIPS -- Pleurastrophyceae -- Reproduction -- Evolution within the Chlorophyta -- EUGLENOPHYTA -- Reproduction -- Relationships -- 4 The subkingdom Algae: Part 3 -- Algae containing chlorophylls a and c -- CHRYSOPHYTA -- Flagellate forms -- Palmelloid and coccoid forms -- Filamentous and thalloid forms -- Reproduction -- XANTHOPHYTA -- Flagellate and coccoid forms -- Filamentous forms -- Siphonaceous forms -- Reproduction -- The limited evolution of the Xanthophyta -- BACILLARIOPHYTA -- Reproduction -- Relationships -- PHAEOPHYTA -- The Ectocarpales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Sphacelariales -- The Cutleriales -- The Laminariales -- VEGETATIVE STRUCTURE -- REPRODUCTION -- The Fucales -- REPRODUCTION -- INTERPRETATION OF THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE FUCALES -- The Dictyotales -- REPRODUCTION -- Relationships of the Phaeophyta -- HAPTOPHYTA -- Reproduction -- DINOPHYTA -- Reproduction -- CRYPTOPHYTA -- Evolutionary trends within the algae -- Aquatic habitat and evolutionary change -- Antiquity of the algae -- Evolution of the vegetative thallus -- Evolution of sexual reproduction -- Life histories of algae -- Importance of the algae in the evolution of plants -- 5 The subkingdom Embryophyta: division Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts) -- General features of the bryophytes -- BRYOPHYTA -- Marchantiopsida (liverworts) -- The Marchantiales -- REPRODUCTION -- EVOLUTION -- The Jungermanniales and Metzgeriales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Sphaerocarpales -- The Calobryales -- Anthocerotopsida (hornworts) -- The Anthocerotales -- REPRODUCTION -- EVOLUTIONARY POSITION -- Bryopsida (mosses) -- The Sphagnales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Andreaeales -- The Bryales -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADULT GAMETOPHYTE -- REPRODUCTION -- THE BRYALES AS EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL -- Relationships of the bryophytes -- Origin.

Evolutionary relationships -- 6 The subkingdom Embryophyta (cont.): division Tracheophyta, Part I -- Early fossil land plants of simple construction -- "Protracheophytes " and "rhyniophytoids " -- General features of the tracheophytes -- TRACHEOPHYTA -- Rhyniopsida -- Tracheophytes with lateral sporangia (Lycophytina) -- Zosterophyllopsida -- Lycopodiopsida -- The early Lycopodiopsida -- The Drepanophycales -- The Protolepidodendrales -- The Lepidodendrales -- REPRODUCTION -- The living lycopodiopsids -- Origin -- The Lycopodiales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Selaginellales -- REPRODUCTION -- FOSSIL HISTORY -- The Isoetales -- REPRODUCTION -- FOSSIL HISTORY -- Tracheophytes with terminal sporangia (Euphyllophytina) -- Trimerophytopsida -- Equisetopsida -- The early Equisetopsida -- The Calamitales -- The Sphenophyllales -- The Pseudoborniales -- The living Equisetopsida -- The Equisetales -- REPRODUCTION -- Origin of the Equisetopsida -- Cladoxylopsida -- 7 The subkingdom Embryophyta (cont.): division Tracheophyta, Part 2 -- Polypodiopsida (ferns) -- Extinct orders of ferns -- The Zygopteridales -- The Coenopteridales -- Existing orders of ferns -- The Marattiales -- REPRODUCTION -- FOSSIL HISTORY -- The Ophioglossales -- THE VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE RHIZOME -- REPRODUCTION -- PHYLOGENY -- The Psilotales -- REPRODUCTION -- ORIGIN -- The Osmundales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Polypodiales -- GROWTH FORMS AND ECONOMIC USES -- FORMATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE STELE -- EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STELAR MORPHOLOGY -- OTHER ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE STEM -- ROOTS -- MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE VEGETATIVE LEAVES -- THE FERTILE LEAVES AND THE NATURE OF THE SPORANGIA -- ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPORANGIA -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPORANGIA AND SPORES -- THE GAMETOPHYTIC PHASE -- SEX EXPRESSION IN THE GAMETOPHYTE -- DIFFERENTIATION OF THE GAMETES.

FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYOGENY -- EVOLUTION -- The Hydropteridales (Salviniales and Marsileales) -- REPRODUCTION -- ORIGIN -- 8 The subkingdom Embryophyta (cont.): division Tracheophyta, Part 3 -- Primitive ovulate plants and their precursors (Progymnospermopsida) -- Early radiospermic gymnosperms -- Lyginopteridopsida (Pteridospermopsida) -- The Lyginopteridales -- REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES -- ORIGIN -- The Medullosales -- The descendants of the Lyginopteridopsida -- Platyspermic gymnosperms and pine relatives -- Pinopsida -- The Cordaitales -- REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES -- ORIGIN AND FOSSIL HISTORY -- The Voltziales -- The Pinales and Taxales (Coniferales) -- SHOOTS AND STEMS -- LEAVES -- ROOTS -- REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES -- POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION -- EMBRYOGENESIS -- FORMATION AND LIBERATION OF THE SEEDS -- GERMINATION -- EVOLUTION WITHIN THE CONIFERS -- Ginkgoopsida -- The Ginkgoales -- REPRODUCTION -- Diversification of radiospermic gymnosperms -- Cycadopsida -- The Cycadales -- STEMS -- REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAMETOPHYTES AND FERTILIZATION -- EMBRYOGENESIS -- POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF THE CYCADS -- The Bennettitales -- REPRODUCTION -- The Caytoniales -- The Glossopteridales -- The Pentoxylales -- Gnetopsida -- The Gnetales -- The Welwitschiales -- The Ephedrales -- Gymnospermy as an evolutionary grade -- 9 The subkingdom Embryophyta (cont.): division Tracheophyta, Part 4 -- Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida -- Growth forms of angiosperms -- Stems -- GROWTH AND ANATOMY -- ECONOMIC PRODUCTS -- Leaves -- ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT -- JUVENILE AND MATURE FORMS -- ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE -- Roots -- Correlation within the plant body -- Sexual reproduction -- MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES -- FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES -- THE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE -- ARCHITECTURE OF THE FLOWER -- ONTOGENY OF THE FLOWER.

POLLINATION AND GROWTH OF THE MALE GAMETOPHYTE -- FERTILIZATION -- CONTROL OF MATING -- EMBRYOGENY -- FEATURES OF THE ENDOSPERM -- MATURATION OF THE SEED AND FRUIT -- DORMANCY AND GERMINATION -- Asexual reproduction -- The emergence of the angiosperms -- The first angiosperms -- Derivation of the Liliopsida -- Diversification of the early Magnoliopsida -- Evolution of morphological features within the angiosperms -- Origin of the carpel -- The woody habit -- Xylem -- Leaves -- Flowers and inflorescences -- Physiology -- Recent evolution within families and genera -- The main trends of angiosperm evolution -- Glossary -- Suggestions for further reading -- CHAPTER 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- CHAPTER 3 -- CHAPTER 4 -- CHAPTER 5 -- CHAPTER 6 -- CHAPTER 7 -- CHAPTER 8 -- CHAPTER 9 -- Index.