Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Note on transliteration -- Abbreviations -- PART I Background -- ONE Introduction -- TWO Before the Mongols -- PART II Political-economic relations -- THREE Formation of the Il-qans, 1251-1265 -- FOUR Grand Qans and Il-qans, 1265-1295 -- FIVE Continuity and change under Ghazan, 1295-1304 -- SIX Sultans and Grand Qans, 1304-1335 -- SEVEN Economic ties -- EIGHT Overview of the relationship -- PART III Intermediaries -- NINE Marco Polo and Po-lo -- TEN Qubilai and Bolad Aqa -- ELEVEN Rashid al-Din and Pulad chinksank -- PART IV Cultural exchange -- TWELVE Historiography -- THIRTEEN Geography and cartography -- FOURTEEN Agriculture -- FIFTEEN Cuisine -- SIXTEEN Medicine -- SEVENTEEN Astronomy -- EIGHTEEN Printing -- PART V Analysis and conclusions -- NINETEEN Models and methods -- TWENTY Agency -- TWENTY ONE Filtering -- TWENTY TWO Summation -- Bibliography -- Index.