Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Diagnostic classifications and prevalence -- Nature of the disorder -- Aetiology of the disorder -- ADHD in childhood -- Associated difficulties in childhood -- Transition into adolescence -- Associated difficulties in adolescence -- ADHD in adulthood -- Assessment of ADHD -- Children and adolescents -- Adults -- Treatment of ADHD -- Pharmacological intervention -- In childhood and adolescence -- In adulthood -- Psychological approaches -- In childhood and adolescence -- In adulthood -- A comment on treatment effectiveness -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 2 Developmental language disorders -- Nature of language and communication impairments -- Causes of specific language impairment -- Brain functioning -- Genetic factors -- Peri- and postnatal factors -- Neurodevelopmental immaturity -- Mental retardation -- Child temperament -- Socio-economic status -- Parent-child interaction -- Deprivation -- Processes underlying SLI -- Persistence of language impairment into adolescence and adulthood -- The impact of SLI in adulthood -- Social relationships and psychiatric disorder -- Cognitive and academic deficits -- Social functioning and psychiatric disorder -- Approaches to intervention from childhood to adulthood -- Summary and conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 3 Reading and other specific learning difficulties -- Background -- The nature of reading and other specific learning disabilities -- Deficits underlying reading disability -- Reading disabilities and the brain -- Biological factors -- Core cognitive deficits -- Outcomes in adults with reading disabilities -- Cognitive and academic outcomes -- Vocational outcomes -- Outcomes in gifted students with SLD.

Predictors of outcome beyond academic and cognitive skills -- Self-perceptions and aspirations -- Mental health outcomes -- Anxiety and Depression -- Conduct disorders/delinquency -- Social competencies -- Interventions -- REFERENCES -- 4 Metabolic disorders -- Phenylketonuria -- Aetiology -- Clinical features -- Treatment -- Outcome in childhood -- Outcome in adulthood -- Galactosaemia -- Aetiology -- Clinical features -- Treatment -- Outcome in childhood -- Outcome in adulthood -- Homocystinuria -- Aetiology -- Clinical features -- Treatment -- Outcome in childhood -- Outcome in adulthood -- X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy -- Aetiology -- Clinical features -- Treatment -- Outcome in childhood -- Outcome in adulthood -- Lysosomal storage disorders -- Clinical features -- Treatment -- Outcome -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- REFERENCES -- Further reading -- 5 Hemiplegic cerebral palsy -- Introduction -- What is hemiplegia? -- Why focus on hemiplegic CP? -- Early studies of psychological difficulties associated with hemiplegic CP in childhood -- More recent studies of the psychological difficulties in hemiplegic CP -- Childhood fears and worries -- Childhood misery -- Difficult behaviour in childhood -- Childhood inattention and overactivity -- Autism and autistic features in childhood -- Other child psychiatric disorders -- Mind-reading skills -- Social relationships in childhood -- Why do children with hemiplegic CP have more psychiatric problems? -- Treatment of childhood psychological and psychiatric problems -- Adults with hemiplegic CP -- Psychiatric disorder in young adult life -- Psychosocial adjustment in young adult life -- The impact on parents -- Service-related costs in adult life -- Treatment for psychiatric disorders and poor psychosocial adjustment -- REFERENCES -- 6 Autistic disorders -- Introduction.

Prevalence and associated features -- Causes -- Early indicators -- Autism-specific problems -- Communication difficulties -- Social abnormalities -- Ritualistic and stereotyped interests or behaviours -- Autism in adulthood -- Factors related to outcome -- Do follow-up studies indicate improvements in prognosis over time? -- Problems related to adulthood -- Behavioural deterioration and/or loss of skills -- Epilepsy -- Mortality -- Psychiatric disorders -- Schizophrenia -- Other psychotic conditions -- Affective disorders -- Rates of psychiatric illness -- Forensic problems -- Interventions for autism -- Why do families seek 'alternative' therapies? -- Pre-school interventions -- Intensive home-based behavioural programmes -- The importance of appropriate education -- Interventions in adolescence and adulthood -- The principal components of effective intervention -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 7 Down syndrome -- Introduction -- Causation -- General health -- Lifestyles -- Effect on families -- Progress from child- to adulthood -- Intellectual abilities -- Academic attainments -- Motor performance -- Temperament and behaviour -- Mental health -- Effects of ageing and Alzheimer's disease -- Treatment and remediation -- Antenatal screening -- Early intervention -- Educational approaches -- Looking to the future -- Further education and employment -- Medical and psychiatric aspects -- REFERENCES -- 8 Fragile X syndrome -- Introduction -- Clinical phenotype -- Physical features -- Cognitive features -- Neuropathology -- Behaviour -- Involvement in individuals with the premutation -- Outcomes in adulthood -- Cognitive abilities and attainments -- Social and emotional adjustment -- Physical problems -- Interventions -- Childhood -- Adulthood -- REFERENCES -- 9 Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: from childhood to adult life -- Introduction.

The genetic basis of PWS and AS -- Clinical features of PWS -- Diagnostic criteria at different ages -- The behavioural and cognitive phenotype of PWS -- Eating behaviour and obesity -- Cognitive abilities -- Speech -- Sleep abnormalities -- Behaviour problems persisting into adulthood -- Maladaptive behaviours -- Obsessions and compulsions -- Psychiatric disorder -- Comparisons between deletion and disomy in PWS -- Linking gene expression to brain function and behaviour in PWS -- Clinical features of AS -- Diagnostic criteria for AS -- Behavioural and cognitive phenotype of AS -- Comparison between deletion and disomy AS -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- REFERENCES -- 10 Rett Disorder -- Introduction -- Implications of recent genetic discoveries -- The defects in the nervous system -- Syndrome and disorder -- Epidemiology -- Developmental patterns in early childhood -- The transition to adulthood -- Growth, feeding, nutrition and metabolism in adults with Rett disorder -- Osteoporosis -- Muscle tone, posture and mobility in adults -- Joint deformities -- Manual dyspraxia -- Involuntary movements -- Defective autonomic regulation -- Epileptic seizures -- Sleep disturbance -- Mood in adults with Rett disorder -- Understanding and communication in adults with Rett disorder -- Music -- Behaviours in adults that may disturb others -- The strengths of people with Rett disorder -- Sexual preference, menstruation and fertility -- Periodic comprehensive clinical reassessment -- Management and medication in Rett disorder -- Care provision for the adult with Rett disorder -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 11 Tuberous sclerosis -- Introduction -- Historical overview -- The genotype -- The physical phenotype -- Central nervous system manifestations -- Radiologically/histologically confirmed features -- Clinical CNS manifestations.

Learning disabilities -- Epilepsy -- Behavioural, psychological and psychiatric problems -- TSC across the lifespan -- Infancy and the pre-school period -- The school years -- Adolescence -- Adulthood -- Interventions for children and adults with TSC -- The use of medication -- Special investigations -- Conclusions -- Glossary -- REFERENCES -- 12 Williams and Smith-Magenis syndromes -- Introduction -- Williams syndrome -- Aetiology, epidemiology and physical presentation -- Cognitive and behavioural characteristics in childhood -- Abilities, behaviour and adjustment in adult life -- Implications for interventions and educational and training approaches -- Smith-Magenis syndrome -- Aetiology, epidemiology and physical presentation -- Cognitive and behavioural characteristics in childhood -- Abilities, adjustment and behaviour in adult life -- Implications for interventions -- REFERENCES -- Index.