Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 The general thesis -- MACROEVOLUTION AND MACROECOLOGY -- THEORY AND HYPOTHESIS -- QUESTIONS -- THE CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS -- 2 Historical views on distribution, abundance, and population dynamics -- EARLY FIELD STUDIES -- DEMOGRAPHY AND LIFE TABLES -- EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY -- AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON POPULATION DYNAMICS -- MACROECOLOGY -- PHYLOGENIES, BEHAVIORS, AND LIFE HISTORIES -- 3 The focal species - Basic biology -- ADVANTAGES IN STUDYING GALL-INDUCING HERBIVORES -- THE HOST PLANT -- THE HERBIVORE -- OVIPOSITION AND PREFERENCE -- LARVAL PERFORMANCE -- THE PHYLOGENETIC CONSTRAINT -- THE ADAPTIVE SYNDROME -- 4 The focal species - Emergent properties -- RESOURCE VARIATION -- NATURAL ENEMIES -- LATERAL EFFECTS -- POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS -- ANALYSIS OF POPULATION DYNAMICS -- CONCLUSIONS -- 5 The focal group - The common sawflies -- OTHER EUURA SPECIES -- OTHER SAWFLIES -- EXCEPTIONS -- ADAPTIVE RADIATION AND THE PHYLOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGENT PROPERTIES -- BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS -- NOTABLE POINTS -- 6 Convergent constraints in divergent taxonomic groups -- THE GALL-INDUCING ARTHROPODS -- BIOGEOGRAPHY OF GALL-INDUCING INSECTS -- NON-GALLING ARTHROPODS -- NOTABLE POINTS -- 7 Divergent constraints and emergent properties -- THE SPRUCE BUDWORM LIFE CYCLE AND BEHAVIOR -- APPLYING THE PHYLOGENETIC CONSTRAINTS HYPOTHESIS -- THE GENERAL CASE IN FOREST LEPIDOPTERA -- THE GENERAL CASE IN BUTTERFLIES -- PEST STATUS IN OTHER ARTHROPOD GROUPS -- Mites -- Stick insects -- Orthoptera -- Homoptera -- Coleoptera -- Lepidoptera -- Hymenoptera -- THE CONTINUUM FROM LATENT TO ERUPTIVE POPULATION DYNAMICS -- NOTABLE POINTS -- 8 Common constraints and divergent emergent properties -- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SAWFLY FAMILIES -- EVOLUTION OF PROOVIGENESIS IN DIPRIONIDS.

TENTHREDINIDS ON CONIFERS -- DIFFERENT RESOURCES AND ADAPTIVE SYNDROMES -- NOTABLE POINTS -- 9 The thesis applied to parasitoids, plants, and vertebrate taxa -- PARASITOIDS -- PLANTS -- PLANTS AND HIGHER TROPHIC LEVELS -- VERTEBRATE ANIMALS -- 10 Theory development and synthesis -- THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW OF POPULATION DYNAMICS -- A CHALLENGE TO THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW -- IS THERE A MACROEVOLUTIONARY PARADIGM? -- COMPONENTS OF THE MACROEVOLUTIONARY THEORY -- IS THE THEORY FALSIFIABLE? -- SYNTHESIS -- Glossary -- References -- Author index -- Taxonomic index -- Subject index.