Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- TABLE -- FIGURES -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- NEWSPAPERS -- POLITICAL PARTIES -- OTHER -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- THE PROJECT: LINKING AMBITION AND FEDERALISM IN BRAZIL -- ON THE PATH-DEPENDENCE OF FEDERALISM IN BRAZILIAN POLITICS -- ON THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING AMBITION IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS -- OUTLINE OF THE BOOK -- SECTION I -- Chapter 1 Ambition Theory and Political Careers in Brazil -- INTRODUCTION -- ON THE STUDY OF POLITICAL CAREERS -- The Political "Opportunity Structure" -- Motivational Assumptions and the Political Career Ladder -- THE POLITICAL CAREER LADDER IN BRAZIL -- What's it Worth to Me? -- What are My Chances? -- How Much Does it Cost? -- WHICH WAY IS UP? -- WHY DOES BRAZIL HAVE THIS CAREER STRUCTURE? -- Federalism and the Political Opportunity Structure in Brazil -- UNSTABLE REGIMES + PERSISTENT FEDERALISM = STABLE PREFERENCES? -- CONCLUSION -- Chapter 2 In the Absence of Congressional Careerism: Short Stints, Flat Hierarchies, and Low Payoffs in the Chamber of… -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ABSENCE OF CAREERISM: RUNNING AND WINNING REELECTION -- Seeking Reelection -- Do the Best Candidates Run for Reelection? -- Winning Reelection -- The Chamber of Deputies: An Amateurs' Forum? -- Seeking and Winning in Comparative Perspective -- CAREER INCENTIVES AND THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRAZILIAN CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES -- Spreading Power Near and Thin -- The Absence of Universalistic Access Norms -- A SEAT IN THE CHAMBER: LOW OFFICE BENEFITS -- Chapter 3 Progressive Ambition and Congressional "Hot Seats" in Brazil, 1945-1998 -- INTRODUCTION -- "CONGRESSIONAL HOT SEATS" IN BRAZIL -- National-Level Positions -- State-Level Positions -- Municipal-Level Positions -- CONCLUSION.

Chapter 4 Labyrinths of Power, Brazilian Style: Post-Chamber Political Careers -- INTRODUCTION -- RESEARCH DESING -- Hypothesis and Operationalization of Progressive Ambition -- Case Selection -- POST-CHAMBER POLITICAL CAREERS: THE DATA -- POST-CHAMBER CAREERS: IDEAL TYPES -- Congressional-Local -- Congressional-National -- State-Directed -- Municipal-Directed -- POST-CHAMBER CAREERS: OVERALL FINDINGS -- POST-CHAMBER CAREERS BY STATE -- POST-CHAMBER CAREERS: RETURN TO THE CHAMBER? -- POST-CHAMBER CAREERS: CHANGES IN THE CAREER LADDER SINCE 1945 -- CONCLUSION -- SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 5 The "Gubernatorial Coattails Effect": Federalism and Congressional Elections in Brazil -- INTRODUCTION -- PRESIDENTIAL COATTAILS AND PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNANCE -- PRESIDENTIAL VS. GUBERNATORIAL COATTAILS IN BRAZIL -- Ballot Access: a State-Level Game -- Campaign Resources and Gubernatorial Coattails -- EVIDENCE OF GUBERNATORIAL COATTAILS -- Alliance Patterns and Gubernatorial Coattails -- Gubernatorial Coattails: Two Statistical Tests -- CONCLUSION -- SECTION 3 INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 6 On the Political (In) Efficacy of Pork-Barreling in the Chamber of Deputies -- INTRODUCTION -- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORM AND FUNCTION IN THE CHAMBER: THREE HYPOTHESES -- ON THE INEFFICACY OF PORK-BARRELING TO SECURE INCUMBENCY -- The Pork-Barreling Process in Brazil -- Supply Problem #1: Will the Butcher Sell to You? -- Supply Problem #2: Too Many Hungry Mouths to Feed -- Supply Problem #3: Competing Breadwinners -- TESTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PORK AND REELECTION -- Comparison with Ames: Data and Methodological Issues -- CONCLUSION -- Chapter 7 Progressive Ambition, Federalism, and Pork-Barreling in Brazil -- INTRODUCTION -- STATE-LEVEL INTERESTS IN THE BUDGET COMMITTEE AND BUDGET PROCESS -- Structure: State "Representation" on the Budget Committee.

Process: How and Where Congress Targets Pork -- The Forces Favoring State Interests in the Amendment Process -- Submission and Approval of State Delegation Amendments -- PORK AND PROGRESSIVE AMBITION: RUNNING FOR STATEWIDE OFFICE -- Hypotheses: The Links between Pork and State-Level Progressive Ambition -- Testing the Hypotheses -- Summary -- PORK AND PROGRESSIVE AMBITION: RUNNING FOR MAYOR -- Hypotheses: The Link between Pork and Municipal-Level Ambition -- Testing the Hypotheses -- CONCLUSION -- Chapter 8 Institutions of Their Own Design? Democratization and Fiscal Decentralization in Brazil, 1975-1995 -- INTRODUCTION -- FISCAL CENTRALIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION IN BRAZIL -- Institutions of Their Own Design? Careerism and the Choice to Decentralize -- FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN BRAZIL: THE PLAYERS AND THEIR PREFERENCES -- The Military High Command -- The President -- High-Level Central-Government Bureaucrats -- National Party Leaders -- Members of Congress -- Business Community and Civil Society -- Subnational Politicians -- Section Summary -- THE PROCESS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN BRAZIL -- Explaining Municipalities' Success -- Explaining the Failure of the Central Government to Protect its Interests -- CONCLUSION -- Chapter 9 The Cardoso Administration and Changes in Brazilian Federalism -- INTRODUCTION -- FEDERALISM AND THE PLANO REAL -- The Great Log Roll: the Fund for States' Debts -- The Details of the Deal: No Revenue Losses for Subnational Governments -- The Nature of the FSE and Subnational Influence -- The Real Plan in Perspective -- FEDERALISM AND THE FAILURE OF FISCAL REFORM -- The Failure of Fiscal Reform: Actors' Common Interest in the Status Quo -- The Failure of Fiscal Reform: The Perspective from the Executive Branch -- Failure of Fiscal Reform: the Perspective from Subnational Governments.

The Last Attempts at Fiscal Reform under President Cardoso -- THE "FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY LAW" -- EVALUATING THE EVOLUTION OF FEDERALISM UNDER CARDOSO -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1 Coding of Political Positions by Level of Government -- Appendix 2 List of Interviews -- References -- BOOKS AND ARTICLES -- GOVERNMENT AND RELATED DOCUMENTS -- NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES -- Author Index -- Subject Index.