Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface to the third edition -- Table of cases -- International Court of Justice -- Human Rights Committee -- Committee Against Torture -- Committee on Freedom of Association of the International Labour Organization -- European Court of Human Rights -- European Commission of Human Rights -- Inter-American Commission of Human Rights -- Inter-American Court of Human Rights -- African Commission on Human and Peoples 'Rights -- International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia -- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda -- International Military Tribunal -- International Military Tribunal for the Far East -- Australia -- Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Canada -- France -- Hungary -- India -- Israel -- Italy -- Netherlands -- Nigeria -- Norway -- Philippines -- St. Lucia -- St. Vincent and the Grenadines -- South Africa -- Tanzania -- United Kingdom -- United States of America -- Zimbabwe -- Table of international instruments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognition of the right to life -- 1.1 The origins of the Universal Declaration -- 1.2 Drafting by the Commission on Human Rights -- 1.3 Drafting by the Third Committee of the General Assembly -- 1.4 Interpretation of the Universal Declaration -- 2 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: drafting, ratification and reservation -- 2.1 Drafting by the Commission on Human Rights -- 2.1.1 The Drafting Committee phase -- 2.1.2 The Fifth Session of the Commission on Human Rights -- 2.1.3 The Sixth Session of the Commission on Human Rights -- 2.1.4 The Eighth Session of the Commission on Human Rights -- 2.2 Drafting by the Third Committee of the General Assembly -- 2.2.1 Abolition of the death penalty in the Covenant (paragraphs 2 and 6).

2.2.2 'Arbitrarily' (paragraph 1) -- 2.2.3 Reference to the Covenant and the Genocide Convention (paragraphs 2 and 3) -- 2.2.4 Protection of juveniles and pregnant women -- 2.2.5 Conclusion -- 2.3 Ratification of the Covenant and Reservations to Article 6 -- 3 Interpretation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- 3.1 The right to life (article 6) and capital punishment -- 3.1.1 The 'inherent' right to life, and the prohibition of its 'arbitrary' deprivation -- 3.1.2 'In countries which have not abolished the death penalty...' -- 3.1.3 'the most serious crimes...' -- 3.1.4 'the law in force at the time of the commission of the crime...' -- 3.1.5 Procedural guarantees -- 3.1.5.1 Competent, independent and impartial tribunal -- 3.5.1.2 Equality of arms -- 3.5.1.3 Trial without undue delay -- 3.5.1.4 Presence at trial -- 3.5.1.5 Revision or appeal -- 3.1.6 Reference to the Genocide Convention -- 3.1.7 Amnesty, pardon or commutation -- 3.1.8 Juveniles and pregnant women -- 3.1.9 Delay or prevention of abolition -- 3.1.10 Extradition, expulsion, deportation and the death penalty -- 3.2 Cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment (article 7) and conditions on 'death row' (article 10) -- 3.2.1 The 'death row phenomenon' -- 3.2.2 Method of execution -- 4 Towards abolition: the Second Optional Protocol and other developments -- 4.1 From 1959 to 1980: United Nations resolutions and reports -- 4.2 The 'Safeguards' -- 4.3 The Second Optional Protocol -- 4.3.1 Drafting of the Protocol -- 4.3.2 Interpretation of the Protocol -- 4.4 The Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 4.5 The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment -- 4.6 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination -- 4.5 Recent developments -- 5 International humanitarian law.

5.1 The third Geneva Convention of 1949 -- 5.2 The fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 -- 5.3 Protocol Additional I of 1977 -- 5.4 Protocol Additional II of 1977 -- 6 International criminal law -- 6.1 Post-Second World War prosecutions -- 6.2 Towards an International Criminal Court and a Code of Crimes -- 6.3 Ad hoc tribunals for Rwanda and Yugoslavia -- 6.4 Drafting of the Rome Statute -- 7 European human rights law -- 7.1 The European Convention on Human Rights -- 7.1.1 Drafting of the Convention -- 7.1.2 Interpretation of the Convention -- 7.2 Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention -- 7.2.1 Drafting of the Protocol -- 7.2.2 Interpretation of the Protocol -- 7.3 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe -- 7.4 European Union -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8 Inter-American human rights law -- 8.1 The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man -- 8.1.1 Drafting of the Declaration -- 8.1.2 Interpretation of article I of the Declaration -- 8.2 The American Convention on Human Rights -- 8.2.1 Drafting of the Convention -- 8.2.2 Reservations to the Convention -- 8.2.3 Denunciation of the Convention -- 8.2.4 Interpretation of the Convention -- 8.2.5 The Protocol to the American Convention abolishing the death penalty -- 8.3 Conclusion -- 9 African human rights law -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- 1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- Article 3 -- 2 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- Article 6 -- Article 7 -- Article 14 -- Article 15 -- Objections to reservations concerning articles 6 and 7 -- 3 Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- Reservations concerning capital punishment -- Objections to reservations concerning capital punishment -- 4 Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Aiming at the Abolition of the Death… -- Article 1.

Article 2 -- Article 3 -- Article 4 -- Article 5 -- Article 6 -- Article 7 -- Article 8 -- Article 9 -- Article 10 -- Article 11 -- Reservations and objections -- Objections to reservations concerning capital punishment -- 5 General Comment on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (General Comment 6(16)) -- 6 Convention Against Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment -- Article 1 -- Article 16 -- Reservations concerning the death penalty -- Objections to reservations concerning the death penalty -- 7 Convention on the Rights of the Child -- Article 37 -- Reservations concerning article 371 -- Objections to reservations concerning article 37(a) -- 8 Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty -- 9 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War -- Article 3 -- Article 872 -- Article 100 -- Article 101 -- Article 107 -- 10 Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilians -- Article 3 -- Article 68 -- Article 742 -- Article 75 -- Reservations concerning article 68 -- 11 Protocol Additional I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed… -- Article 763 -- Article 775 -- 12 Protocol Additional II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International… -- Article 6 -- 13 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court -- Article 77 Applicable penalties -- Article 80 Non-prejudice to national application of penalties and national laws -- 14 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) -- Article 2 -- Article 3 -- 15 Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Concerning the Abolition… -- Article 1 -- Article 2.

Article 3 -- Article 4 -- Article 5 -- Article 6 -- Article 7 -- Article 8 -- Article 9 -- Declarations -- 16 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union -- Article 2 Right to life -- Article 19 Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition -- 17 European Union Minimum Standards Paper -- 18 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe Commitments -- Concluding Document of the 1989 Vienna Follow-up Meeting -- Document of the 1990 Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the Conference on Security… -- Document of the 1991 Moscow Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the Conference on Security… -- Concluding Document of the 1992 Helsinki Summit -- Concluding Document of the 1994 Budapest Summit -- 19 American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man -- Article 1 -- 20 American Convention on Human Rights -- Article 4 -- Article 5 -- Reservations concerning capital punishment -- 21 Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty -- Article 1 -- Article 2 -- Article 3 -- Article 4 -- Reservation -- 22 African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights -- Article 4 -- Article 5 -- 23 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child -- Article 5 Survival and development -- 24 Arab Charter on Human Rights -- Article 5 -- Article 10 -- Article 11 -- Article 13 -- Bibliography -- Monographs -- Articles -- Index.