Front Cover -- DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING: INSIDE OUT -- Copyright Page -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Echo Ranging of the Body -- 1.3 Ultrasound Portrait Photographers -- 1.4 Ultrasound Cinematographers -- 1.5 Modern Ultrasound Imaging Developments -- 1.6 Enabling Technologies for Ultrasound Imaging -- 1.7 Ultrasound Imaging Safety -- 1.8 Ultrasound and Other Diagnostic Imaging Modalities -- 1.9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 2. OVERVIEW -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fourier Transform -- 2.3 Building Blocks -- 2.4 Central Diagram -- References -- Chapter 3. ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION -- 3.1 Introduction to Waves -- 3.2 Plane Waves in Liquids and Solids -- 3.3 Elastic Waves in Solids -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 4. ATTENUATION -- 4.1 Losses in Tissues -- 4.2 Losses in Both Frequency and Time Domains -- 4.3 Tissue Models -- 4.4 Pulses in Lossy Media -- 4.5 Penetration and Time Gain Compensation -- 4.6 Hooke's Law for Viscoelastic Media -- 4.7 Wave Equations for Tissues -- References -- Chapter 5. TRANSDUCERS -- 5.1 Introduction to Transducers -- 5.2 Resonant Modes of Transducers -- 5.3 Equivalent Circuit Transducer Model -- 5.4 Transducer Design Considerations -- 5.5 Transducer Pulses -- 5.6 Equations for Piezoelectric Media -- 5.7 Piezoelectric Materials -- 5.8 Comparison of Piezoelectric Materials -- 5.9 Transducer Advanced Topics -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 6. BEAMFORMING -- 6.1 What is Diffraction? -- 6.2 Fresnel Approximation of Spatial Diffraction Integral -- 6.3 Rectangular Aperture -- 6.4 Apodization -- 6.5 Circular Apertures -- 6.6 Focusing -- 6.7 Angular Spectrum of Waves -- 6.8 Diffraction Loss -- 6.9 Limited Diffraction Beams -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 7. ARRAY BEAMFORMING -- 7.1 Why Arrays?.

7.2 Diffraction in the Time Domain -- 7.3 Circular Radiators in the Time Domain -- 7.4 Arrays -- 7.5 Pulse-Echo Beamforming -- 7.6 Two-Dimensional Arrays -- 7.7 Baffled -- 7.8 General Approaches -- 7.9 Nonideal Array Performance -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 8. WAVE SCATTERING AND IMAGING -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Scattering of Objects -- 8.3 Role of Transducer Diffraction and Focusing -- 8.4 Role of Imaging -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 9. SCATTERING FROM TISSUE AND TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Scattering from Tissues -- 9.3 Properties of and Propagation in Heterogeneous Tissue -- 9.4 Array Processing of Scattered Pulse-Echo Signals -- 9.5 Tissue Characterization Methods -- 9.6 Applications of Tissue Characterization -- 9.7 Elastography -- 9.8 Aberration Correction -- 9.9 Wave Equations for Tissue -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 10. IMAGING SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Trends in Imaging Systems -- 10.3 Major Controls -- 10.4 Block Diagram -- 10.5 Major Modes -- 10.6 Clinical Applications -- 10.7 Transducers and Image Formats -- 10.8 Front End -- 10.9 Scanner -- 10.10 Back End -- 10.11 Advanced Signal Processing -- 10.12 Alternate Imaging System Architectures -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 11. DOPPLER MODES -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Doppler Effect -- 11.3 Scattering from Flowing Blood in Vessels -- 11.4 Continuous Wave Doppler -- 11.5 Pulsed Wave Doppler -- 11.6 Comparison of Pulsed and Continuous Wave Doppler -- 11.7 Ultrasound Color Flow Imaging -- 11.8 Non-Doppler Visualization of Blood Flow -- 11.9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 12. NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS AND IMAGING -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 What is Nonlinear Propagation? -- 12.3 Propagation in a Nonlinear Medium with Losses -- 12.4 Propagation of Beams in Nonlinear Media.

12.5 Harmonic Imaging -- 12.6 Harmonic Signal Processing -- 12.7 Other Nonlinear Effects -- 12.8 Nonlinear Wave Equations and Simulation Models -- 12.9 Summary -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 13. ULTRASONIC EXPOSIMETRYANDACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS -- 13.1 Introduction to Measurements -- 13.2 Materials Characterization -- 13.3 Transducers -- 13.4 Acoustic Output Measurements -- 13.5 Performance Measurements -- 13.6 Thought Experiments -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 14. ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENTS -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Microbubble as Linear Resonator -- 14.3 Microbubble as Nonlinear Resonator -- 14.4 Cavitation and Bubble Destruction -- 14.5 Ultrasound Contrast Agents -- 14.6 Imaging with Ultrasound Contrast Agents -- 14.7 Therapeutic Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Smart Bubbles -- 14.8 Equations of Motion for Contrast Agents -- 14.9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- References -- Chapter 15. ULTRASOUND-INDUCED BIOEFFECTS -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Ultrasound-Induced Bioeffects: Observation to Regulation -- 15.3 Thermal Effects -- 15.4 Mechanical Effects -- 15.5 The Output Display Standard -- 15.6 Comparison of Medical Ultrasound Modalities -- 15.7 Primary and Secondary Ultrasound-Induced Bioeffects -- 15.8 Equations for Predicting Temperature Rise -- 15.9 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- References -- APPENDIX A -- A.1 Introduction -- A.2 The Fourier Transform -- Bibliography -- References -- APPENDIX B -- References -- APPENDIX C -- C.1 Development of One-Dimensional KLM Model Based on ABCD Matrices -- References -- APPENDIX D -- INDEX.