Dynamics of the Vascular System -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Historical Backgrounds and Book Contents -- 1.1 Discoveries of the Circulation -- 1.2 Importance of the Vascular System -- 1.3 Modern Concepts -- 1.4 Book Contents -- 2. Vascular Biology, Structure and Function -- 2.1 Anatomical Organization of the Vasculature -- 2.1.1 The Circulatory System -- 2.1.2 The Heart -- 2.1.3 The Arteries -- 2. I.4 The Veins -- 2.1.5 The Microvasculature -- 2.2 Mechanical Properties of Blood Vessels -- 2.2.1 Some Geometric Aspects of Blood Vessels -- 2.2.2 Vascular Stiffness and Elastic Properties -- 2.3 Functional Properties of Blood -- 2.3.1 Blood Plasma and Blood Gas -- 2.3.2 Oxygen Saturation Curves and Hemoglobin -- 2.3.3 Red Blood Cells, Hematocrit and Blood Volume -- 2.4 Control Aspects of the Vascular System -- 2.4.1 Control of the Central Cardiovascular System -- 2.4.2 Functions of the Baroreceptors -- 2.4.3 Arterial Chemoreceptors -- 3. Physical Concepts and Basic Fluid Mechanics -- 3.1 Basic Mechanics and Dimensional Analysis -- 3.1.1 Mass, Length and Time System and the Pi-Theorem of Buckingham -- 3.1.2 Dimensional Matrix -- 3.1.3 Dynamics Similitude in Vascular Biology -- 3.1.4 Elastic and Viscoelastic Properties of Blood Vessels -- 3.2 Frequency Domain and Fourier Analysis -- 3.2.1 Periodic Functions -- 3.2.2 Trigonometric Fourier Series -- 3.2.3 Complex Form of Fourier Series -- 3.2.4 Other Aspects of Frequency Domain Analysis -- 3.2.4.1 Dirichlet Conditions -- 3.2.4.2 Line Spectrum and Nyquist Criterion -- 3.2.4.3 Correlation, Coherence and Power Spectrum -- 3.3 Fluid Mechanics and Rheology -- 3.3.1 Steady Flow and Poiseuille Equation -- 3.3.2 Bernoulli's Equation and Narrowing Vessel Lumen -- 3.3.3 Orifice Flow and Torricelli's Equation -- 3.3.4 The Gorlin Equation -- 3.3.5 Flow and Flow Acceleration.

3.3.6 Newtonian Fluid, No-Slip, Boundary Conditions and Entry Length -- 3.3.6.1 Newtonian Fluid -- 3.3.6.2 No-Slip Boundary Conditions -- 3.3.6.3 Laminar and Turbulent Flow -- 3.3.6.4 Entry Length -- 4. Hemodynamics of Large Arteries -- 4.1 Ventricular Outflow and the Aorta -- 4.1.1 Ventricular Ejection -- 4.1.2 Cardiac Muscle Contraction and Force-Length- Velocity Relations -- 4.1.3 The Pressure-Volume Curve and Contractility of the Heart -- 4.1.4 Ejection Fraction, Cardiac Performance, Preload and Afterload -- 4.1.5 Coupling of the Ventricle and the Arterial System -- 4.1.6 Dynamic of Heart-Arterial System Interactions -- 4.2 Pressure-Flow Relations and Vascular Impedance -- 4.2.1 Pressure and Flow Waveforms in Large and Small Arteries -- 4.2.2 Vascular Impedance to Blood Flow -- 4.3 Wave Propagation Phenomena -- 4.3.1 The Propagation Constant -- 4.3.2 Foot-to-Foot Velocity -- 4.3.3 Apparent Propagation Constant and Transfer Function -- 4.3.4 Determination of the Propagation Constant -- 4.4 Wave Reflection Phenomena -- 4.4.1 Influence of Wave Reflections on Pressure and Flow Waveforms -- 4.4.2 The Reflection Coefficients -- 4.4.3 Augmentation Index -- 4.4.4 Wave Reflection Sites -- 4.5 Modeling Aspects of the Arterial System -- 4.5.1 Mathematical Formulations -- 4.5.2 Linear Theories of Oscillatory Blood Flow in Arteries -- 4.5.3 The Lumped Model of the Arterial System: The Windkessel -- 4.5.4 Nonlinear Aspects and Pressure-Dependent Arterial Compliance -- 5. Vascular Branching -- 5.1 Branching Geometry -- 5.1.1 Complexity of Vascular Branching -- 5.1.2 Nonuniform Branching and 3-D Branching Structure -- 5.1.3 Space-Filling Properties and Modeling -- 5.2 Fluid Mechanics of Vascular Branching -- 5.2.1 Branching Geometry and Fluid Dynamic Considerations -- 5.2.2 Fluid Mechanics Associated with Atherosclerosis and Stenosis.

5.3 Pulse Transmission Characteristics at Vascular Branching -- 5.3.1 Impedance Matching and Wave Reflections -- 5.3.2 Area Ratio Concept -- 5.3.3 Minimum Local Reflections at Vascular Branching Junctions -- 5.4 Optimization Aspects Applicable to Vascular Branching -- 5.4.1 Optimizing Vessel Radius and the Cube Law -- 5.4.2 Optimizing Branching Radii and Angles -- 6. The Venous System -- 6.1 The Reservoir Properties and Venous Return -- 6.1.1 Venous Compliance and Reservoir Characteristics -- 6.1.2 Structural Properties of Veins -- 6.1.3 Venous Return -- 6.2 Pressure and Flow Waveforms in Veins -- 6.2.1 The Normal Pressure and Flow Waveforms in Veins -- 6.2.2 Respiration Effects on Venous Pressure and Flow Waveforms -- 6.2.3 Abnormal Venous Pressure and Flow Waveforms -- 6.3 Modeling and Collapsible Vessel Properties -- 6.3.1 Steady Flow in Collapsible Tubes -- 6.3.2 Flow Limitation and Model Experiments -- 6.3.3 Pulse Wave Transmission Characteristics in Veins -- 7. The Microcirculation -- 7.1 Structure of the Microcirculation -- 7.1.1 Functional Organization of the Microvasculature -- 7.1.2. The Capillary Circulation -- 7.2. Pressure-Flow Relation and Microcirculatory Mechanics -- 7.2.1 Flow-Related Mechanical Characteristics of the Microcirculation -- 7.2.2 Some Pressure-Related Mechanical Characteristics -- 7.3. Pulse Transmission and Modeling Aspects -- 7.3.1 Pressure and Flow Waveforms in Arterioles and Capillaries -- 7.3.2 Pulse Transmission Characteristics in the Microcirculation -- 7.3.3 Modeling Aspects of the Microcirculation -- 8. Hemodynamic Measurements and Dynamics of the Assisted Circulation -- 8.1 Pressure, Flow and Dimension Measurements -- 8.1.1 Invasive Blood Pressure Measurements -- 8.1.1.1 The Needle-Pressure Transducer System -- 8.1.1.2 The Catheter-Pressure Transducer Systems -- 8.1.2 Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurements.

8.1.2.1 Auscultatory Measurement of Blood Pressure -- 8.1.2.2 Blood Pressure Measurement with the Oscillometric Method -- 8.1.2.3 Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring with Tonometer -- 8.1.3 Blood Flow Measurement -- 8.1.3.1 Electromagnetic Flowmeter -- 8.1.3.2 Ultrasound Doppler Velocimeters -- 8.1.3.3 Indicator Dilution Methods and Thermodilution -- 8.1.4 Measurement of Vascular Dimensions -- 8.2 The Assisted Circulation and the Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump -- 8.2.1 Mechanical Assist Devices and the Assisted Circulation -- 8.2.2 Optimization of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping: Physiological Considerations -- 8.2.3: Optimization of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping: Modeling Aspects -- 8.2.4: Optimization of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping: Control Aspects -- Bibliography -- Index.