Organic and Inorganic Nanostructures -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 A Brief History of Nanorevolution 1 -- 1.2 Physical Limitations of Traditional Semiconductor Electronics 2 -- 1.3 Quantum Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing 4 -- 1.4 Revolutionary Nanotechnologies 6 -- 1.5 Solid State Against Soft Matter in Nanotechnologies 9 -- 1.6 The Book Structure 11 -- References 11 -- 2 Wet Technologies for the Formation of Organic Nanostructures 13 -- 2.1 Traditional Chemical Routes for Nanostructure Processing 13 -- 2.1.1 Formation of Colloid Nanoparticles 13 -- 2.1.2 Self-Assembly of Colloid Nanoparticles 15 -- 2.1.3 Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Materials 16 -- 2.1.4 Sol-Gel Deposition 18 -- 2.2 Electrostatic Self-Assembly 23 -- 2.2.1 The Idea of Electrostatic Self-Assembly 23 -- 2.2.2 ESA Deposition in Detail 24 -- 2.2.3 ESA Deposition Equipment 27 -- 2.2.4 Composite ESA Films 29 -- 2.3 Langmuir-Blodgett Technique 33 -- 2.3.1 LB Classics 33 -- 2.3.2 Special Types of LB Films-Composite LB Films 43 -- 2.3.3 Formation of II-VI Semiconductor Particles in LB Films 48 -- 2.4 Spin Coating 54 -- 2.5 Résumé 58 -- References 59 -- 3 Structural Study of Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites 71 -- 3.1 Morphology and Crystallography of Nanostructured Materials Prepared by Chemical Routes 71 -- 3.1.1 Methods of Morphology Study 72 -- 3.1.2 Methods of Crystallography Study 75 -- 3.1.3 The Layer-by-Layer Structure of Thin Films 76 -- 3.1.4 Morphology of LB Films Containing Nanoparticles 79 -- 3.1.5 Morphology and Crystallography of Chemically Self-Assembled Nanoparticles 81 -- 3.1.6 The Morphology and Structure of Sol-Gel and Electrodeposited Materials 84 -- 3.2 Elemental and Chemical Composition of Organic/Inorganic Nanostructures 87 -- 3.2.1 Experimental Methods of Composition Study 87.

3.2.2 Examples of Composition Study of Materials Prepared by Chemical Routes 88 -- 3.2.3 Control of Impurities in Chemically Deposited Nanostructures 90 -- References 92 -- 4 Optical Properties of Organic/Inorganic Nanostructures 95 -- 4.1 Optical Constants of Organic/Inorganic Nanostructures 95 -- 4.1.1 Method of Ellipsometry 95 -- 4.1.2 Method of SPR 100 -- 4.1.3 Optical Constants of Thin Organic Films 104 -- 4.1.4 Optical Parameters of Organic Films Containing Nanoparticles 110 -- 4.2 The Effect of Quantum Confinement on Optical Properties of Low-Dimensional Systems 114 -- 4.2.1 Electron in a Quantum Box 114 -- 4.2.2 Quantum Confinement and the Main Optical Properties of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures 116 -- 4.3 Optical Spectra Semiconductor Nanoparticles in Organic Films 122 -- 4.3.1 Semiconductor Nanoparticles in LB and Spun Films 122 -- 4.3.2 Semiconductor Nanoparticles in Electrostatically Self-Assembled Films 127 -- References 129 -- 5 Electron Transport in Organic/Inorganic Nanostructures 133 -- 5.1 Conductivity of Thin Films 133 -- 5.1.1 Definitions and Experimental Methods 133 -- 5.1.2 Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Materials 138 -- 5.1.3 Organic Semiconductors 141 -- 5.2 Electron Tunneling 144 -- 5.2.1 The Concept and Main Features of Electron Tunneling 144 -- 5.2.2 Electron Transfer Through Thin Organic Films 146 -- 5.2.3 Electron Tunneling Through Multilayered LB Films 149 -- 5.2.4 Resonance Tunneling 151 -- 5.2.5 Inelastic Tunneling and Inelastic Tunneling Spectroscopy 154 -- 5.3 Single Electron Phenomena 155 -- 5.3.1 Coulomb Blockade and Staircase I-V Characteristics 155 -- 5.3.2 Single-Electron Devices and Their Practical Realization 158 -- 5.3.3 Single-Electron Phenomena in Organic Films Containing Nanoparticles 160 -- References 162.

6 Applications of Organic/Inorganic Nanostructures in Microelectronics and Optoelectronics 171 -- 6.1 Organic Films in Conventional Microelectronics 171 -- 6.1.1 Organic Films as Insulating and Passivating Layers 171 -- 6.1.2 Active Organic/Inorganic Devices 172 -- 6.2 Organic/Inorganic Optoelectronic Devices 174 -- 6.2.1 Nanostructured Photovoltaic Devices and Solar Cells 175 -- 6.2.2 Light-Emitting Devices 181 -- 6.2.3 Optical Memory Devices 183 -- 6.3 Quantum Nanoelectronic Devices 185 -- 6.3.1 Quantum Computing 186 -- 6.3.2 Practical Realization of Arrays of Quantum Dots 188 -- References -- 7 Chemical and Biosensors 205 -- 7.1 Classification and Main Parameters of Chemical and Biosensors 205 -- 7.1.1 Main Definitions and Classification of Sensors 205 -- 7.1.2 Parameters of Sensors 208 -- 7.2 Physical Transducing Principles for Sensors 212 -- 7.2.1 Gravimetric Sensors 212 -- 7.2.2 Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors 215 -- 7.2.3 Optical Sensors 220 -- 7.3 Nanostructured Materials for Sensing 231 -- 7.3.1 Sensors Based on Inorganic Materials 231 -- 7.3.2 Sensors Based on Organic Materials 232 -- 7.3.3 Organic Vapor Sensors Based on Calixarenes 233 -- 7.4 Biosensors 238 -- 7.4.1 Composite Membranes for Biosensing 238 -- 7.4.2 Immune Sensors 240 -- 7.4.3 Enzyme Sensors 245 -- References 251 -- About the Author 261 -- Index 263.