Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 The challenge of child safety research -- DEFINING THE PROBLEM -- KNOWLEDGE ENHANCEMENT -- THE IMPORTANCE OF PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR CHILDREN -- THE IMPORTANCE OF EVALUATION -- THE LIMITATIONS OF PREVENTIVE APPROACHES TARGETED ON CHILDREN -- RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Physical abuse: the problem -- CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD PROTECTION: THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- THE SCALE OF PHYSICAL ABUSE -- THE BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME -- WHO ARE THE ABUSED AND WHO ARE THE ABUSERS? -- THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF ABUSIVE FAMILIES -- THE CAUSES OF CHILD ABUSE -- THE EFFECTS OF ABUSE -- THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ABUSED CHILDREN -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 The prevention of child abuse -- THINKING ABOUT PREVENTION -- SELECTIVE SUPPORT FOR MOTHERS AND YOUNG CHILDREN -- INDICATED PREVENTION: THE MENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF SOCIAL STRESS -- PREVENTION: THE FACTOR OF 'VISIBILITY' -- INDICATED PREVENTION: VISIBLE INJURY -- INDICATED PREVENTION: PROBLEM FAMILIES IN PROBLEM AREAS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Child accidents at home, school and play -- SOURCES OF DATA ON CHILD ACCIDENTS AT HOME, SCHOOL AND PLAY -- ACCIDENTS RESULTING IN DEATH -- Individual and social characteristics -- Types of accident resulting in death -- Trends in child accidental deaths -- Data on child accident deaths worth further exploration -- ACCIDENTS RESULTING IN NON-FATAL INJURY -- Numbers and severity -- Individual and social characteristics -- Type of accident -- Location of accident -- NEAR-MISSES, AVERTED ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS WHICH DO NOT RESULT IN AN INJURY REQUIRING MEDICAL ATTENTIONNEAR-MISSES, AVERTED ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS WHICH DO NOT RESULT IN AN INJURY REQUIRING MEDICAL ATTENTION -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 5 Intervening to prevent accidents -- KEEPING CHILDREN SAFE AT HOME, SCHOOL AND IN THE WIDER ENVIRONMENT -- Accurate data on accidents and 'near-misses' -- At a national level -- At a regional and local level -- How parents keep their children safe -- At a national level -- At a regional and local level -- Designing for safety -- At a national level -- At a regional and local level -- Children's perceptions of risk -- At a national level -- At a regional and local level -- Using local knowledge -- At a national level -- At a regional and local level -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Child pedestrian accidents: what makes children vulnerable? -- ACCIDENTS IN PERSPECTIVE -- THE THREAT FROM ROAD ACCIDENTS -- Assessing pedestrian vulnerability -- Measuring exposure to risk -- TRENDS IN CHILD PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS -- SOCIAL CLASS -- WHEN DO ACCIDENTS HAPPEN? -- WHERE DO ACCIDENTS TAKE PLACE? -- WHY DO CHILDREN HAVE ACCIDENTS? -- TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION -- The Green Cross Code -- HOW EFFECTIVE IS TRADITIONAL ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION? -- CAN ROAD SAFETY SKILLS BE TAUGHT? -- Characteristics of the pre-operational child -- PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG CHILDREN: CAN IT BE DONE? -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Increasing traffic competence in young children -- PROBLEMS OF RULE-BASED APPROACHES TO ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION -- WHAT SHOULD ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION TEACH? -- PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS REQUIRED TO INTERACT WITH TRAFFIC -- Detecting the presence of traffic -- Visual timing judgements -- Co-ordinating information from different directions -- Co-ordinating perception and action -- STRATEGIC ISSUES IN THE DEPLOYMENT OF SKILL AT THE ROADSIDE -- ADULT VERSUS CHILD BEHAVIOUR -- PROBLEMS IN DEVISING ROAD CROSSING STRATEGIES FOR CHILDREN -- What can be done? -- ADAPTING PEDESTRIAN STRATEGIES FOR CHILDREN.

Simple road crossing -- Strategies for more complex traffic situations -- PROMOTING SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN -- Visual timing skills -- Constructing safe routes through the road environment -- Summary -- PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING PRACTICAL ROAD SAFETY TRAINING -- RSTOs and the police -- The role of the school -- The role of parents -- Traffic clubs -- Community-based approaches to road safety education -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Child sexual abuse: myth and reality -- DEFINING CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE -- INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE -- PREVALENCE STUDIES IN THE UK -- Age of first experience of sexual abuse -- Social class and sexual abuse -- SEXUAL ABUSE AND THE PROBLEM OF EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 The prevention of child sexual abuse -- EDUCATING CHILDREN -- What gains in children's knowledge and behaviour do safety training programmes seek to foster? -- How effective are safety training programmes? -- Children's conceptual difficulties in acquiring safety concepts -- Conclusions -- EDUCATING ADULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Bullying as a social problem in schools -- DEFINING THE PROBLEM -- THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM -- Teacher nomination -- Parent report -- Pupil interviews -- Peer nomination -- Self-report questionnaires -- DISCUSSION -- THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM -- 'BULLIES AND VICTIMS' -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 The management and prevention of bullying -- THE MANAGEMENT OF BULLYING IN SCHOOLS -- Direct work with bullies -- Sanctions: punishments and deterrents -- 'Reasoning' -- Developing empathy for victims -- Behavioural approaches -- Social skills training -- Direct work with victims -- Discussions with teachers -- Peer support -- Social skills training -- Joint work with bullies and victims -- The 'Common Concern Method' for the treatment of group bullying.

The 'No Blame' approach -- Class, school and community approaches -- THE PREVENTION OF BULLYING IN SCHOOLS -- EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WHOLE-SCHOOL APPROACHES TO INTERVENTION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Drug abuse: what's your poison? -- COMPARING LICIT AND ILLICIT DRUG USE -- The response to illicit drug use -- DRUG USE AND CONTEXT -- THE DRUG WARS OR 'LEARNING TO LIVE WITH IT' -- Can we win the drug wars? -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Drug abuse: the issue of prevention -- FEAR AROUSAL -- INFORMATION -- HARM REDUCTION -- THE PROBLEMS OF TARGET GROUPS AND FALSE POSITIVES -- TARGETING THOSE AT RISK -- SUMMARY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Index.