Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- The historical context of post-1945 economics in Europe: a brief outline -- The demand for economists -- The supply of economists -- The postwar growth of higher education -- Graduate education in economics -- International linkages -- Economic ideas in Europe -- Professionalization and involvement in economic policy making and public affairs -- A brief review of the country studies -- Britain -- Sweden -- The Netherlands -- Belgium -- France -- Germany -- Italy -- Portugal -- Spain -- Greece -- Notes -- References -- 2 Economics in mid-Atlantic -- Britain, continental Europe and the USA -- Universities and society in Britain -- The spread of American-style professional economics in British universities -- The international connections of British academic economists -- Economists in government -- Economic societies -- Research institutes and policy forums -- Economic journalism and think-tanks -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 3 The post-1945 development of economics and economists in Sweden -- The growth of higher education -- Universities, university branches and university colleges -- From 'Economics and…' to sub-fields -- The internationalization of Swedish economics -- Swedish economists in policy-making -- Work in commissions -- Economists as ministers, Members of Parliament and government officials -- Economists in public discussions -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Postwar Dutch economics -- Introduction: some conceptual problems -- The impact of the war on continental economic thought -- The modernization and further institutionalization of economics -- Continuity and discontinuity in economic theorizing -- Actors, institutions and schools -- The theory of economic policy.

The labour market and the Dutch Royal Economics Association (KVS) -- Radicalism in the 1970s -- Catching up in the 1980s -- Tinbergen's progeny? -- Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- 5 The post-1945 development of economics in Belgium -- University expansion in the 1960s -- The evolution of economic thought -- The time of the 'mandarins' -- The francophone Catholic University of Leuven (UCL) -- The Flemish Catholic University of Leuven -- The francophone Free University of Brussels (ULB) -- A growing professionalization and internationalization -- The francophone Catholic University of Leuven (UCL) -- Jacques Drèze and the Centre for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE) -- The ULB -- A monetarist counterrevolution in Leuven -- The growth of graduate education in economics -- Journals -- Recherches économiques de Louvain9 -- Tijdschrift voor Economie (en Management) -- The Bulletin of Information and Documentation of the National Bank of Belgium -- The international dimension14 -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 6 The post-1945 development of economics in Germany -- The Nazi period and its long-term consequences -- Economic ideas and policy -- Growth and the current landscape of teaching and research -- Notes -- References -- 7 Economics in France -- The legacy of the past -- Two different traditions -- What is meant by economics? -- Evolution versus revolution -- Careers -- Research activities -- The way towards internationalization -- Does a French specificity still exist in economics? -- The Moderns versus the Ancients: a hypothetical conflict -- The recurrent temptation of a French alternative approach to economics -- The unexpected effect of internationalization on French economics from 1945 -- Statistical annexes -- Notes -- References -- 8 Europe and the post-1945 internationalization of political economy.

Italy and the European setting -- The European context -- Political economy in teaching and research -- Economic ideas and economic policy -- The legacy of the Italian school -- Political economy in higher education: the Italian experience -- The influence of the Italian tradition in postwar Italy -- Italian economists and economic policy -- The idea of laissez-faire -- Dirigisme, development and planning -- Italian political economy and the idea of Europe -- Political economy in universities -- Notes -- References -- 9 The advent of modern economics in Portugal -- Economic ideas in Portugal by 1945 -- The beginning of a new epoch -- Theoretical innovations1 -- Corporative economics -- Neoclassical economics -- Keynesian economics -- Marxist economics2 -- Cooperattivism, Schumpeterianism and structuralism -- The spread of research and educational apparatus -- Scientific research apparatus -- The teaching of economic ideas -- The making of the profession of economist -- Concluding remarks -- Appendix -- Notes -- References -- 10 The development of economic studies and research in Spain (1939-95) -- A silver age of Spanish economics, 1923-39 -- The forming of a scientific community, 1939-75 -- The academic consequences of the dictatorship -- Degree courses in economics3 -- The training of a scientific community -- Structure of scientific communication -- The development of professional economists -- Analytical orientations and political influence of economic thought -- Marginalist and neoclassical economics4 -- From Keynesianism to macroeconomics6 -- Applied analysis: institutionalism, structuralism and economic history9 -- Political influence of economists on the Franco regime -- The beginning of internationalization, 1975-95 -- The era of economists -- Reforms in study plans and the explosion of demand.

The transformation of the scientific community -- Economists in the employment market -- The 'success' of economists in politics -- The gradual internationalization of Spanish economic literature -- The networks of scientific communication in economics -- The medium of research -- Economic literature in the 1970s: groups, schools, styles and fashions -- Changes in and internationalization of scientific production, 1978-95 -- Internationalization, disparities and basic consensus -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 11 Institutional constraints and the internationalization of economics -- The Pre-World War II background -- Institutional framework and facts -- Consolidation of power -- The Greek Society for Economic Sciences -- Curricula of studies and increments of change -- Winds of change -- The role of foreign economic advisers and agencies -- Schools of thought: journals and arguments -- Keynesianism -- Assessment of the post-1975 era -- Notes -- References -- 12 Concluding reflections -- The historical context and the modernization of European economics -- Tentative intra-European East-West comparisons -- Economists and policy making in the European institutions -- Professionalization, public recognition and internationalization -- Is there a European economics? -- Notes -- References -- Index.