Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- I. THE PROBLEM AND THE PROFESSION'S RESPONSE -- 1 Physicians' Conflicts of Interest -- The Patient-Physician Relationship -- What Are Conflicts of Interest? -- The Changing Context of Medicine -- 2 The Medical Profession's Response: 1890-1992 -- Conflicts of Interest and the AMA and ACS Response: 1890 to 1950 -- The Commercial Transformation: 1950s to 1980 -- The Ethics of Markets: 1980 to 1992 -- Bioethics -- Conclusion -- II. CURRENT PROBLEMS AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES -- 3 Incentives to Increase Services: The Range of Existing Practices -- Financial Arrangements That Create Conflicts of Interest -- The Maze of Financial Incentives -- The Unity of Conflicts of Interest -- 4 The Dangers of Incentives to Increase Services and the Ineffectiveness of Current Responses -- The Dangers of Financial Incentives -- Countering Financial Incentives: Utilization and Peer Review -- The Limitations of Current Law and Policy -- 5 Incentives to Decrease Services In HMOs and Hospitals -- Withholding Services and Conflicts of Interest -- HMOs and Financial Incentives -- Hospitals and Financial Incentives -- 6 The Dangers of Incentives to Decrease Services and the Ineffectiveness of Current Responses -- The Dangers of Financial Incentives -- Countering Financial Incentives: Peer Review and Quality Assurance -- The Limitations of Current Law -- III. INFERENCES FOR POLICY -- 7 Fiduciary Law and the Professions: Regulation of Civil Servants, Business Professionals, and Lawyers -- Fiduciary Principles and the Professions -- Conflicts of Interest of Public Officials -- Conflicts of Interest in Business -- Conflicts of Interest of Lawyers -- Common Intervention Strategies to Hold Fiduciaries Accountable -- Lessons for Physicians -- 8 What Needs to Be Done? -- The Limits of Disclosure as a Remedy.

The Limits of Public Intervention -- Policies for Physicians' Conflicts of Interest -- The Job Ahead -- Incentives, Ethics, Law, and Social Policy -- Table of Acronyms -- APPENDICES -- A: The Concept of Conflict of Interest -- B: Note on Physicians' Divided Loyalties -- C: Bioethics and Medical School Ethics Education -- D: The Sources and Data Used -- E: Excerpts from Medical Codes of Ethics -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X.