Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells -- CHAPTER 1 Invasion mechanisms of Salmonella -- CLINICAL DESCRIPTION -- SALMONELLA ENTRY: SALMONELLA PATHOGENICITY ISLAND-1 -- The regulation of Salmonella pathogenicity islands -- The type III secretion complex -- INTERNALIZATION OF SALMONELLA BY THE HOST EPITHELIUM -- Animal models of Salmonella infection -- Cell culture models of Salmonella infection -- INVOLVEMENT OF THE HOST CELL CYTOSKELETON IN BACTERIAL INTERNALIZATION -- INVOLVEMENT OF RHO GTPase IN S. TYPHIMURIUM INVASION OF NONPHAGOCYTIC CELLS -- S. TYPHIMURIUM GENES THAT REGULATE EPITHELIAL CELL INVASION -- SopE/SopE2 -- SopB -- SptP -- SipC -- SipA -- ROLE OF SPI-1 IN PATHOGENESIS -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SPI-1 -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2 Shigella invasion -- INVASION -- Shigella invasion and the host inflammatory responses -- Basolateral entry into polarized cells -- Invasion-associated genes on the large plasmid -- Type III secretion system -- Secreted effector proteins induce host cellular signaling -- IpaA -- IpaC -- IpgD -- VirA -- CELL-CELL SPREADING -- VirG -- VirG ligands -- N-WASP -- Cdc42 -- Arp2/3 -- Profilin -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3 How Yersinia escapes the host: To Yop or not to Yop -- THE YERSINIA VIRULENCE SYSTEM -- Ysc-Yop III secretion system -- Other virulence mechanisms and TTSS present in Yersinia species -- FIRST CONTACT -- Interaction of the enteropathogenic Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis with M cells -- Y. pestis enters the bloodstream immediately -- HOW YERSINIA ESCAPES THE HOST: TO YOP OR NOT TO YOP -- Inhibition of phagocytosis -- YopE -- YopT -- YopO/YpkA -- YopH -- Inhibition of the inflammatory response and induction of apoptosis -- YopP/J -- YopH.

Effectors other than Yops that help to defeat the immune response -- YopM -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4 Stealth warfare: The interactions of EPEC and EHEC with host cells -- ADHERENCE MECHANISMS REQUIRED FOR INITIAL ATTACHMENT OF EPEC AND EHEC TO HOST CELLS -- INTIMATE ATTACHMENT OF EHEC AND EPEC TO HOST CELLS, AND THE TYPE III SECRETORY APPARATUS -- HOST CELL RESPONSES TO EHEC AND EPEC INFECTION -- Pedestal formation -- Inhibition of phagocytosis -- Inhibition of mitosis -- Disruption of tight junctions -- Upregulation of chloride secretion and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release -- The Ca2+ controversy -- Activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades -- Modulation of apoptosis -- Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential -- Modulation of Cdc42 activity -- Modification of host immune responses -- Innate immunity -- Adaptive immunity -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5 Molecular ecology and cell biology of Legionella pneumophila -- ECOLOGY OF LEGIONELLAE -- ADHERENCE AND ENTRY MECHANISMS -- Initial interactions between L. pneumophila and its primitive protozoan hosts -- ATTACHMENT AND ENTRY TO MAMMALIAN CELLS -- INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING -- Intracellular survival and replication within host cells -- Role of the dot/icm genes in evasion of the endocytic pathway -- RECRUITMENT OF RER -- THE ARF PROTEIN -- Pore-forming activity -- GENE REGULATION IN L. PNEUMOPHILA -- Growth phase and gene regulation -- The transmission phenotype -- DNA regulatory elements of the dot/icm genes -- APOPTOTIC OR NECROTIC CELL DEATH -- Induction of apoptosis by L. pneumophila in mammalian but not protozoan host cells -- Induction of necrosis by L. pneumophila in mammalian and protozoan cells -- IMMUNE RESPONSE TO L. PNEUMOPHILA INFECTION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

CHAPTER 6 Listeria monocytogenes invasion and intracellular growth -- CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF LISTERIOSIS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE DIVERSITY OF CELL TYPES AND TISSUES THAT SUPPORT BACTERIAL REPLICATION -- INVASION OF HOST CELLS BY L. MONOCYTOGENES -- Adherence and internalization mechanisms for nonprofessional phagocytic cells -- The inlAB gene products -- Other possible L. monocytogenes adherence and internalization factors -- L. monocytogenes entry into professional phagocytes -- LIFE AFTER INVASION: THE PHAGOSOME IS NO PLACE FOR L. MONOCYTOGENES TO LIVE -- L. monocytogenes escape from the phagosome -- THE GOOD LIFE: L. MONOCYTOGENES AT HOME IN THE CYTOSOL -- THE GRASS IS ALWAYS GREENER: SPREAD OF L. MONOCYTOGENES TO ADJACENT HOST CELLS -- L. monocytogenes-directed actin-based motility -- L. monocytogenes invasion of adjacent cells -- COORDINATING THE BACTERIAL DANCE STEPS OF INVASION, REPLICATION, AND CELL-TO-CELL SPREAD -- Environmental signals that influence virulence gene expression -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7 N. gonorrhoeae: The varying mechanism of pathogenesis in males and females -- N. GONORRHOEAE CONSTITUENTS IMPLICATED IN PATHOGENESIS -- Pili -- Porin -- Opacity-associated outer membrane proteins -- Lipooligosaccharide -- Additional virulence factors -- COMPLEMENT AND PATHOGENIC NEISSERIA -- THE GONOCOCCUS AS AN INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN -- Infection of the male urethra -- Studies in fallopian tube explants -- Infection studies of the uterine cervix -- The interaction of the gonococcus with human neutrophils -- A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL OF N. GONORRHOEAE PATHOGENESIS IN MEN AND WOMEN -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8 Group A streptococcal invasion of host cells -- ADHESION: PRELUDE TO INVASION? -- PATHWAYS FOR INFECTION -- EXTRACELLULAR MECHANISMS OF TISSUE INVASION -- MECHANISMS FOR INTERNALIZATION OF STREPTOCOCCI BY HOST CELLS -- Protein F/Sfb1.

M proteins -- FbaA -- C5a peptidase -- FbaB and other RGD-containing proteins -- Alternative mechanisms for internalization -- RESPONSES OF THE HOST TO STREPTOCOCCAL ADHESION AND INVASION -- RESPONSES OF GAS TO INTERACTIONS WITH HOST CELLS -- INTRASPECIES AND INTERSPECIES SIGNALING BETWEEN STREPTOCOCCI -- ASSAY FOR INTERNALIZATION -- FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9 Invasion of oral epithelial cells by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans -- ACTINOBACILLUS ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS: ADHERENCE MECHANISMS REQUIRED FOR INVASION -- Colony phase variation -- Surface-associated molecules and organelles -- Specific adhesion to epithelial cells -- HOST CELL SIGNALING PATHWAYS MODULATED IN RESPONSE TO THE BACTERIAL CHALLENGE -- PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF INTERNALIZATION AND INTRACELLULAR LOCATION, FATE OF BACTERIA, AND CELL-TO-CELL SPREAD -- CONSEQUENCES OF INVASION WITH REGARD TO INNATE HOST RESPONSE -- CORRELATION AMONG INVASION, PATHOGENICITY, AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10 Invasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis -- P. GINGIVALIS ADHESION -- UPTAKE OF P. GINGIVALIS BY HOST CELLS -- Primary gingival epithelial cells -- KB (HeLa) cells -- Endothelial cells -- Dendritic cells -- CONSEQUENCES OF P. GINGIVALIS INVASION -- Epithelial cells -- Endothelial cells -- RELEVANCE TO HEALTH AND DISEASE -- Periodontal diseases -- Systemic diseases -- REFERENCES -- Index.