Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- Nationalism and religious difference -- Ideology, symbolism and language -- Historiographical context, Congress and communalism -- The setting -- The themes and scope of the work -- 2 Congress and the Hindu nation: symbols, rhetoric and action -- The Congress and holy men -- Temples, festivals and politics -- Oratory and religion: speeches on the nation -- Harnessing the cow for Congress -- 3 Muslims, mass movements and untouchable uplift -- Muslims and civil disobedience: perceptions of the Congress -- Muslims and foreign-cloth boycott: Congress dominance and communal riots -- The Congress and untouchable uplift -- 4 The Aryan Congress: history, youth and the 'Hindu race' -- The Arya Samaj and depictions of the past: India's ancient 'golden age' -- Arya Samaj support for Congress campaigns during civil disobedience -- The Arya Samaj, youth and physical culture: the Kangri Gurukul -- The Arya Samaj vision of swaraj: Hindu sangathan and 'Muslim politics' -- 5 Congress radicals and Hindu militancy -- Socialism and Hindu nationalism: Sampurnanand and Banaras -- Flirtations with Hindu nationalism: Congress leaders in Kanpur -- From radicalism to militarism: Algu Rai Shastri, Mahabir Tyagi and Purushottam Das Tandon -- In defence of community: Hindu nationalism and volunteer movements -- 6 Congress 'Raj', riots and Muslim mass contact -- Congress and the claims of 'Hindu Raj' -- 'Political riots': Hindu-Muslim conflict and Congress power -- The Muslim mass contact campaign in UP -- 7 Congress, Pakistan and volunteer militarism -- Pakistan in the popular politics of UP: Congress's fluctuating Muslim support -- The Hindu Mahasabha and the demand for Pakistan.

Communal conflict and volunteer organisations on the eve of Partition -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- PRIVATE AND INSTITUTIONAL PAPERS -- OFFICIAL RECORDS -- OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS -- NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS -- MISCELLANEOUS PUBLISHED MATERIAL -- BOOKS, ARTICLES AND UNPUBLISHED THESES -- Index.