COVER -- HALF-TITLE -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Introduction -- Authority, power, legitimacy -- Ideas and norms as drivers of policy -- The changing world context -- Part I An international organisation for keeping the peace -- 1 Pacific settlement, collective security and international peacekeeping -- International organisation -- Pacific settlement and collective security -- Classical peacekeeping -- Peace operations -- Review and reform of UN peace operations -- Conclusion -- 2 Peace operations and the UN-US relationship -- The USA and traditional peacekeeping -- Post-Cold War optimism -- The US retreat from multilateralism -- Somalia -- The Balkans -- Relative gains and costs of unilateralism and multilateralism -- Conclusion -- Part II Soft security perspectives -- 3 Human security -- Security as a contested concept -- The intensional-extensional trade-off -- A template for policy and action -- Conclusion -- 4 Human rights: civil society and the United Nations -- Human rights -- Civil society and the United Nations -- Standard setting and norm generation -- Monitoring and verification -- Compliance and enforcement -- Policing UN peacekeepers? -- Conclusion -- 5 International criminal justice -- International law and international criminal accountability -- The International Criminal Court -- Transitional justice -- Conclusion -- 6 International sanctions -- The limited utility of sanctions -- Ineffectual -- The 1998 South Asian nuclear tests -- Counter-productive -- Self-damaging -- Strained relations with third parties and allies -- Questionable morality: a weapon of mass murder in slow motion? -- Termination trap -- Iraq and the oil-for-food programme (OFFP) -- Smartening up the sanctions act -- Part III Hard security issues -- 7 The nuclear threat -- Norms.

Treaties -- Compliance and coercion -- Weaknesses in the normative architecture of arms control -- Non-proliferation and disarmament -- Conclusion -- 8 International terrorism -- 9/11 and the 'war on terror' -- Fashioning a global response -- Root causes -- Democracy -- Group grievance -- Intractable conflicts -- Poverty -- Clash of or dialogue among civilisations? -- Conclusion -- 9 Kosovo 1999 -- NATO and the United Nations -- Illegal and dangerous precedent -- Implicit UN authorisation -- The Miloševic challenge to UN ideals -- NATO = war, UN = peace -- G8 = real UNSC -- Did Kosovo in 1999 light the path to Iraq in 2003? -- Sidelining the UN -- Nuanced morality vs. moral clarity -- Legality vs. legitimacy -- Relegitimising the use of force -- Military victory vs. nation-building -- Conclusion -- 10 Iraq's challenge to world order -- The UN and Iraq: irrelevant, central, or complicit? -- UN irrelevance -- UN centrality -- UN complicity -- Goals contradicted by means -- Liberation as a collateral benefit -- Conclusion -- 11 The responsibility to protect -- Background to ICISS -- From 'humanitarian intervention' to 'responsibility to protect' -- Sovereignty as responsibility -- Doing it right, doing it well -- Conflict prevention and peace-building -- Threshold criteria and cautionary principles -- Right authority and due process -- Intervention criteria? -- Conclusion -- 12 Developing countries and the eroding non-intervention norm -- The divisiveness of 'humanitarian intervention' -- Asia -- Middle East -- Africa -- Latin America -- R2P, the United Nations and the new normative architecture -- Normative inconsistency and incoherence -- Normative contestation -- The rise and fall of developing countries as norm entrepreneurs -- Conclusion -- Part IV Institutional developments -- 13 Reforming the United Nations -- The UN record: helpful or baleful?.

Internal reforms -- On the other hand . . . -- Report of the High-Level Panel -- Conceptual and normative advances -- Security Council restructuring -- Reforming the UNSC procedures -- Peace-building Commission -- Quota politics in the Secretariat? -- Conclusion: a San Francisco or an Albert Einstein moment? -- 14 The political role of the United Nations Secretary-General -- Bases of power and authority of the SG -- The key UN constituencies -- Personality -- Leadership -- Conclusion -- Conclusion: at the crossroads of ideals and reality -- The use of force -- Legality and legitimacy -- The UN-US pas de deux -- Post-Westphalia? -- The United Nations as a bridge between the North and the global South -- The rule of law -- The romantics and the cynics -- Conclusion -- Index.