Foreword -- PREFACE -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- 1: WHY A HISTORY OF ECOLOGY? AN INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- PART I: POPULATION ECOLOGY -- 2: UNSTRUCTURED MODELS IN ECOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 THE BASIC (DETERMINISTIC) UNSTRUCTURED MODELS -- 2.3 SINGLE SPECIES -- 2.3.1 Continuous Time -- 2.3.2 Discrete Time -- 2.4 TWO SPECIES -- 2.4.1 Continuous Time Exploiter-Victim Models -- 2.4.2 Nicholson-Bailey Discrete Time Models -- 2.4.3 SIR Epidemiological Models -- 2.4.4 Competition -- 2.5 MORE THAN TWO SPECIES -- 2.6 TIME SERIES AND MODEL FITTING -- 2.7 THE FUTURE OF UNSTRUCTURED MODELS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 3: UNSTRUCTURED POPULATION MODELS: DO POPULATION-LEVEL ASSUMPTIONS YIELD GENERAL THEORY? -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 CORE THEORY OR LIMITING CASE? -- 3.3 DERIVING GENERAL POPULATION MODELS: STARTING WITH THE INDIVIDUAL -- 3.4 THREE CASE STUDIES -- 3.4.1 Consumer-Resource Interactions -- 3.4.2 Tritrophic Food Chain -- 3.4.3 Cannibalism -- 3.4.4 Overall Conclusions -- 3.5 AN APPROPRIATE MODELLING FRAMEWORK: PHYSIOLOGICALLY STRUCTURED POPULATION MODELS -- 3.6 ON TESTABILITY -- 3.7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4: THE "STRUCTURE" OF POPULATION ECOLOGY: PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS ON UNSTRUCTURED AND STRUCTURED MODELS -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 MODELS, MODELS, AND MORE MODELS -- 4.3 REVISITING MODELLING TRADE-OFFS -- 4.4 GENERALITY? -- 4.5 REDUCTIONISM REDUX -- 4.6 STRUCTURAL PLURALISM -- 4.7 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART II: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY -- 5: THE LAW OF MASS-ACTION IN EPIDEMIOLOGY: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 CATO MAXIMILIAN GULDBERG AND PETER WAAGE -- 5.3 WILLIAM HEATON HAMER -- 5.4 RONALD ROSS AND ANDERSON McKENDRICK -- 5.5 HERBERT EDWARD SOPER -- 5.6 A SCIENCE TAKING FLIGHT -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

REFERENCES -- 6: EXTENSIONS TO MASS-ACTION MIXING -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 FUNCTIONAL FORMS -- 6.3 METAPOPULATION MODELS -- 6.4 CELLULAR AUTOMATA -- 6.5 NETWORK MODELS -- 6.6 ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATIONS: POWER-LAW EXPONENTS -- 6.7 ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATIONS: PAIR-WISE MODELS -- 6.8: ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATIONS: MOMENT CLOSURE -- 6.9: CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7: MASS-ACTION AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF INFECTION TRANSMISSION -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 MODEL FORMS AS PARADIGMS FOR THEORY CHANGE -- 7.3 ROBUSTNESS ASSESSMENT -- 7.4 ADVANCING A SCIENCE OF INFECTION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ANALYSIS -- REFERENCES -- PART III: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY -- 8: COMMUNITY DIVERSITY AND STABILITY: CHANGING PERSPECTIVES AND CHANGING DEFINITIONS -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 HISTORY -- 8.3 MULTIPLE TYPES OF STABILITY IN A MODEL ECOSYSTEM -- 8.3.1 The 1970s and 1980s -- 8.3.2 The 1950s and 1960s -- 8.3.3 The 1990s -- 8.3.4 Summary -- 8.4 TESTING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIVERSITY AND STABILITY -- 8.4.1 The 1950s and 1960s -- 8.4.2 The 1970s and 1980s -- 8.4.3 The 1990s -- 8.4.4 Summary -- 8.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR SPECIFIC "TESTS" -- Q1: What Is the Most Appropriate Measure of Diversity? -- Q2: How Strong Are Species Interactions, and Are They Linear and Additive? -- Q3: What Dictates the Structure of Communities? -- 8.6 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 9: PERSPECTIVES ON DIVERSITY, STRUCTURE, AND STABILITY -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF DIVERSITY AND STABILITY -- 9.2.1 The Intuitive Years -- 9.2.2 The Limits to Diversity -- 9.2.3 Some Current and Future Considerations: Food Webs Across Space and Time -- REFERENCES -- 10: DIVERSITY AND STABILITY: THEORIES, MODELS, AND DATA -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 WHY CARE ABOUT THEORY CHANGE? -- 10.3 KNOWLEDGE IN ECOLOGY -- 10.4 THEORY CHANGE IN COMMUNITY ECOLOGY -- 10.5 THEORY CHANGE, ABATED -- REFERENCES.

PART IV: HISTORICAL REFLECTION -- 11: ECOLOGY'S LEGACY FROM ROBERT MacARTHUR -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 THE LEGACY -- 11.3 "POPULATION BIOLOGY" OF MacARTHUR CITATIONS -- 11.4 ERIC'S REFLECTIONS -- 11.5 HENRY'S REVERIE -- 11.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART V: EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY -- 12: ON THE INTEGRATION OF COMMUNITY ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CURRENT PROSPECTS -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 BACKGROUND REFLECTIONS -- 12.3 A CAPSULE HISTORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVOLUTION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY -- 12.4 WHAT DERAILED THE FUSION OF EVOLUTION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY? -- 12.5 POINTERS TO THE FUTURE -- 12.5.1 Evolution and Ecology at Commensurate Timescales -- 12.5.2 Final Thoughts on the Interplay of Ecology and Evolution -- 12.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 13: MODELLING THE ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE: DÉJÀ VU OR SOMETHING NEW? -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 THEORETICAL ECOLOGY -- 13.3 THEORETICAL EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY -- 13.3.1 Classical Population Genetics -- 13.3.2 Optimization and Game Theory -- 13.4 THEORETICAL EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY -- 13.4.1 Single-Locus Theory -- 13.4.2 Quantitative-Genetic Theory -- 13.4.3 Game Theory -- 13.4.4 Adaptive Dynamics -- 13.5 WHERE DO WE STAND? WHERE DO WE GO? IS ANYTHING NEW? -- 13.5.1 Future Empirical Directions -- 13.5.2 Future Theoretical Directions -- 13.5.3 Conclusions: Déjà Vu or Something New? -- REFERENCES -- 14: THE ELUSIVE SYNTHESIS -- 14.1 SOURCE AND CONSEQUENCE LAWS -- 14.2 THE LIMITS OF EQUILIBRIUM -- 14.2.1 The Grain Problem -- 14.4.2 Organisms Do Not Merely Experience Environments, They Change Them -- 14.2.3 Ecological Agents -- 14.3 THE GRAIN PROBLEM AND ITS MACROECOLOGICAL SOLUTION -- 14.4 NICHE CONSTRUCTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES -- 14.5 THE EMERGENT PROPERTY HYPOTHESIS -- REFERENCES.

PART VI: ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY -- 15: THE LOSS OF NARRATIVE -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.1.1 The History of the Problem -- 15.1.2 A Postmodern View of Ecology -- 15.1.3 Analogy in Ecology -- 15.2 THE PARADIGM OF NARRATIVE -- 15.2.1 A History of the Ecosystem Paradigm -- 15.2.2 Scientific Paradigms Versus Humanitarian Commonplaces -- 15.2.3 Paradigms, Complexity, and Narratives -- 15.3 HIGHER DIMENSIONALITY IN NARRATIVES -- 15.3.1 Essences, Models, and Observables -- 15.3.2 Dimensions of Narratives -- 15.3.3 The Observer-Observation Complex -- 15.3.4 Dimensionality in Science -- 15.4 THE COMPLEMENTARITY OF NARRATIVES -- 15.5 WHY IT MATTERS IN APPLIED SYSTEMS -- 15.6 THE POSTMODERN PARADIGM IN ECOLOGY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 16: ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT: CONTROL, UNCERTAINTY, AND UNDERSTANDING -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 A HISTORY OF ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT -- 16.2.1 Forestry -- 16.2.2 Fisheries -- 16.2.3 Ecosystems and Ecological Management -- 16.3 A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT -- 16.3.1 Uncertainty -- 16.3.2 Controllability -- 16.4 CURRENT APPROACHES TO ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT -- 16.4.1 Adaptive Management -- 16.4.2 Resilience Building -- 16.4.3 Scenario Planning -- 16.5 FRONTIERS OF ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT -- 16.5.1 An Approach: Resilience Analysis -- 16.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 17: IS ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT A POSTMODERN SCIENCE? -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION -- 17.2 ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY: CONCEPTUAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- 17.2.1 Ambiguities of the Ecosystem Concept -- 17.2.2 The Classical Tradition of Ecosystem Ecology -- 17.2.3 The Rise, Fall, and Reemergence of the Classical Tradition -- 17.3 POST-NORMAL SCIENCE -- 17.3.1 Origins of the Term -- 17.3.2 Does Post-normal Imply Postmodern? -- 17.4 THE "PARADIGM OF NARRATIVE": DEFENDING THE HOLLING FIGURE-EIGHT.

17.5 THEORY CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY: GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OR PARADIGM SHIFT? -- 17.6 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART VII: CONCLUSION -- 18: KUHNIAN PARADIGMS LOST: EMBRACING THE PLURALISM OF ECOLOGICAL THEORY -- 18.1 KUHN AND BEYOND -- 18.2 PARADIGM SHIFTS IN ECOLOGICAL THEORY? -- 18.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.