Front cover -- Embedded Media Processing -- Copyright page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- History of This Book -- Chapter Overviews -- Chapter 1: Embedded Media Processing -- Chapter 2: Memory Systems -- Chapter 3: Direct Memory Access (DMA) -- Chapter 4: System Resource Partitioning and Code Optimization -- Chapter 5: Basics of Embedded Audio Processing -- Chapter 6: Basics of Embedded Video and Image Processing -- Chapter 7: Media Processing Frameworks -- Chapter 8: Power Management for Embedded Systems -- Chapter 9: Application Examples -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- About the Authors -- What's on the (Companion website)? -- Chapter 1: Embedded Media Processing -- Why Are You Reading This Book? -- So What's All the Excitement About Embedded Multimedia Systems? -- A Simplified Look at a Media Processing System -- Core Processing -- Input/Output Subsystems-Peripheral Interfaces -- Subsystem Control -- Storage -- Connectivity -- Data Movement -- Memory Subsystem -- Laying the Groundwork for an EMP Application -- What Kind(s) of Media Am I Dealing With? -- What Do I Need to Do With the Data? -- Are My System Needs Likely to Change Over Time, or Will This Be a Static System? -- Is This a Portable Application? -- Does my Application Require a Fixed-Point or Floating-Point Device? -- How Does the Data Get Into and/or Out of the Chip? -- How Do I Develop on the Processor? -- Do I Need an Operating System? -- What Are the Different Ways to Benchmark a Processor? -- How Much Am I Willing to Spend? -- OK, So What Processor Choices Do I Have? -- A Look Inside the Blackfin Processor -- System View -- Computational Units -- Memory Model -- DMA -- Instruction Flow -- Event Handler -- Protection of Resources -- Programming Model -- Power Management -- What's Next? -- Chapter 2: Memory Systems -- Introduction -- Memory Spaces -- L1 Instruction Memory.

L1 Data Memory -- Cache Overview -- What Is Cache? -- More Cache Details -- External Memory -- Synchronous Memory -- Asynchronous Memory -- What's Next? -- Chapter 3: Direct Memory Access -- Introduction -- DMA Controller Overview -- More on the DMA Controller -- Programming the DMA Controller -- DMA Classifications -- Advanced DMA Features -- System Performance Tuning -- External DMA -- What's Next? -- Chapter 4: System Resource Partitioning and Code Optimization -- Introduction -- Event Generation and Handling -- System Interrupts -- Programming Methodology -- Architectural Features for Efficient Programming -- Multiple Operations per Cycle -- Hardware Loop Constructs -- Specialized Addressing Modes -- Interlocked Instruction Pipelines -- Compiler Considerations for Efficient Programming -- System and Core Synchronization -- Load/Store Synchronization -- Ordering -- Atomic Operations -- Memory Architecture-The Need for Management -- Memory Access Tradeoffs -- Instruction Memory Management-To Cache or To DMA? -- Data Memory Management -- System Guidelines for Choosing Between DMA and Cache -- Memory Management Unit (MMU) -- Physics of Data Movement -- 1. Grouping Like Transfers to Minimize Memory Bus Turnarounds -- Example 4.4 -- 2. Understanding Core and DMA SDRAM Accesses -- 3. Keeping SDRAM Rows Open and Performing Multiple Passes on Data -- 4. Optimizing the System Clock Settings and Ensuring Refresh Rates are Tuned for the Speed At Which SDRAM Runs -- 5. Exploiting Priority and Arbitration Schemes Between System Resources -- What's Next? -- Chapter 5: Basics of Embedded Audio Processing -- Introduction -- What Is Sound? -- Audio Signals -- Speech Processing -- Audio Sources and Sinks -- Converting Between Analog and Digital Audio Signals -- Background on Audio Converters -- Connecting to Audio Converters -- Interconnections.

Dynamic Range and Precision -- Numeric Formats for Audio -- Audio Processing Methods -- Getting Data to the Processor's Core -- Block Processing versus Sample Processing -- Double-Buffering -- 2D DMA -- Basic Operations -- Signal Generation -- Filtering and Algorithms -- Sample Rate Conversion -- Audio Compression -- Speech Compression -- What's Next? -- Chapter 6: Basics of Embedded Video and Image Processing -- Introduction -- Human Visual Perception -- What's a Video Signal? -- Broadcast TV-NTSC and PA L -- Video Resolution -- Interlaced versus Progressive Scanning -- Color Spaces -- Gamma Correction -- Chroma Subsampling -- Digital Video -- ITU-R BT.601 (formerly CCIR-601) -- ITU-R BT.656 (formerly CCIR-656) -- A Systems View of Video -- Video Sources -- Video Displays -- Embedded Video Processing Considerations -- Video Port Features -- Video ALUs -- DMA Considerations -- Classification of Video Algorithms -- Bandwidth Calculations -- Sample Video Application Walk-Through -- Deinterlacing -- Scan Rate Conversion -- Pixel Processing -- Dealing With Image Boundaries -- Chroma Resampling, Gamma Correction and Color Conversion -- Scaling and Cropping -- Display Processing -- Compression/Decompression -- Lossless versus Lossy Compression -- Image Compression -- Video Compression -- Encoding/Decoding on an EMP -- What's Next? -- Chapter 7: Media Processing Frameworks -- Introduction -- What Is a Framework? -- Defining Your Framework -- The Application Timeline -- Asymmetric and Symmetric Dual-Core Processors -- Programming Models -- Asymmetric Programming Model -- Homogeneous Programming Model -- Strategies for Architecting a Framework -- Processing Data On-the-Fly -- Programming Ease Trumps Performance -- Performance-Based Framework -- Framework Tips -- Other Topics in Media Frameworks -- Audio-Video Synchronization -- Managing System Flow.

Frameworks and Algorithm Complexity -- What's Next? -- Chapter 8: Power Management for Embedded Systems -- Introduction -- A Processor's View of Power -- Input Clock -- Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) -- Frequency, Voltage and Power -- Processor Power Modes -- Power Domains -- Other Considerations -- Power-Friendly Architectures -- Software Tools -- Voltage Regulation -- Linear Regulators -- Switching Regulators -- Efficiency -- Component Selection for Step-Down Regulators -- Schottky Diode and FET Switch -- Inductor Considerations -- Capacitor Considerations -- Switching Frequency -- Calculating System Power -- Average Power Dissipation -- Battery Fundamentals -- Primary Batteries -- Rechargeable Batteries -- Relative Power for External Devices -- Chapter 9: Application Examples -- Introduction -- Automotive Driver Assistance -- Automotive Safety Systems -- Lane Departure-A System Example -- Baseline JPEG Compression Overview -- Preprocessing -- Spatial Filtering -- Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) -- Quantization -- Zigzag Sorting -- Coding the DC Coefficients -- Coding the AC Coefficients (Run-Length Coding) -- Entropy Encoding -- JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) -- MPEG-2 Encoding -- Motion Estimation/Compensation -- Frame Types -- Format Conversion -- MPEG-2 Encoder Frameworks -- Code Optimization Study Using Open-Source Algorithms -- What Is Open Source? -- Optimizing Vorbis and Speex on Blackfin -- APPENDIX: Sources and Further Reading -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Index.