Salinity and tides in alluvial estuaries -- Salinity and tides in alluvial estuaries -- Contents -- Preface -- Notation -- 1 Introduction: description and classification of alluvial estuaries -- 1.1 Importance of estuaries to mankind -- 1.2 Classification of estuaries -- 1.3 Estuary numbers -- 1.4 Alluvial estuaries and their characteristics -- 1.4.1 The shape of alluvial estuaries -- 1.4.2 Dominant mixing processes -- 1.4.3 How the tide propagates -- 1.4.4 How the salt intrudes -- 1.5 What will follow -- 2 Tide and estuary shape -- 2.1 Hydraulic equations -- 2.1.1 Basic equations -- 2.1.2 The seventh equation -- 2.1.3 The one-dimensional equations for depth and velocity -- 2.1.4 The effect of density differences and tide -- 2.2 The shape of alluvial estuaries -- 2.2.1 Classification on estuary shape -- 2.2.2 Assumptions on the shape of alluvial estuary in coastal plains The assumptions of an ideal estuary -- 2.2.3 Assumptions on estuary shape in short estuaries -- 2.3 Relating tide to shape -- 2.3.1 Why look for relations between tide and shape? -- 2.3.2 Theoretical derivations -- 3 Tidal dynamics -- 3.1 Tidal movement and amplification -- 3.1.1 Why is the tidal wave amplified or damped? -- 3.1.2 Derivation of the tidal damping equation -- 3.1.3 Application of the derived formula to observations -- 3.1.4 Conclusions -- 3.2 Tidal wave propagation -- 3.2.1 The relation between tidal damping and wave celerity -- 3.2.2 Theory of wave propagation -- 3.2.3 Empirical verification in the Schelde and Incomati estuaries -- 3.2.4 The wave celerity according to Mazure -- 3.2.5 Conclusion -- 3.3 Effect of river discharge and other higher order effects on tidal damping -- 3.3.1 Which higher order effects are important -- 3.3.2 Incorporating river discharge into the derivation of the Celerity equation.

3.3.3 Incorporating river discharge into the derivation of the Damping equation -- 3.3.4 Application to the Schelde-estuary -- 3.3.5 Conclusion -- 3.4 The influence of climate change and human interference on estuaries -- 4 Mixing in alluvial estuaries -- 4.1 Types of mixing, their relative importance, and interaction -- 4.2 Gravitational circulation -- 4.3 Mixing by the tide -- 4.4 Residual circulation through flood and ebb channels -- 4.5 The decomposition method and why it is not very useful -- 4.6 Longitudinal effective dispersion -- 4.7 Van den burgh's equation -- 4.7.1 The physical meaning of Van den Burgh's K -- 4.7.2 Correspondence with other methods -- 4.8 General equation for longitudinal dispersion -- 5 Salt intrusion in alluvial estuaries -- 5.1 Types of salt intrusion and shapes of salt intrusion curves -- 5.2 Salt balance equations -- 5.3 Influence of rainfall and evaporation -- 5.4 Time scales and conditions for steady state -- 5.5 Predictive model for steady state -- 5.5.1 Expressions for HWS, LWS, and TA -- 5.5.2 Empirical relations for the predictive model -- 5.5.3 The predictive model compared to other methods -- 5.6 Unsteady state model -- 5.6.1 System response time -- 5.6.2 Unsteady state dispersion -- 5.6.3 Application of the unsteady state model -- 5.7 Hypersaline estuaries -- 5.8 Concluding remarks -- 6 References -- Index.