Contents -- Introduction -- PART I: The Formation of Self as an Ethical Problem -- 1. The Psychology and Ethics of Self -- 2. Confucius and the Problem of Naturalness -- 3. Tradition and Community in the Formation of Self -- 4. The Formation of Self: Afterword -- PART II: The Fluidity of Self -- 5. Debates over the Self -- 6. Falsity, Psychic Indefiniteness, and Self-Knowledge -- 7. Spontaneity and Education of the Emotions in the Zhuangzi -- 8. Fluidity and Character: Afterword -- PART III: Choice -- 9. Choice and Possibility -- 10. Confucius, Mencius, Hume, and Kant on Reason and Choice -- 11. Reason and Choice: Afterword -- PART IV: The Scope of Ethics -- 12. The Compartmentalization of Western Ethics -- 13. Tradition and Moral Progress -- 14. The Emotions of Altruism, East and West -- 15. Varieties of Ethical Judgment: Afterword -- PART V: The Demands of Ethics -- 16. Expecting More of Some People -- 17. Confucius and the Nature of Religious Ethics -- 18. The Supra-Moral in Religious Ethics: The Case of Buddhism -- 19. The Elective "Ought": Afterword -- PART VI: Philosphy as Communication -- 20. Philosophy and Enlightenment -- 21. Not in So Many Words: Zhuangzi's Strategies of Communication -- 22. Philosophy as Psychic Change: Afterword -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.