CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Part I: How the Human Visual System Works -- 1. THE OPTICAL, RETINOCORTICAL, AND INTEGRATIVE COMPONENTS -- THE OPTICAL COMPONENT -- THE RETINOCORTICAL COMPONENT -- THE INTEGRATIVE COMPONENT -- SUMMARY -- Part II: Symptoms of a Failing Visual System -- 2. SYMPTOMS OF OPTICAL DISORDERS -- WHAT ARE OPTICAL SYMPTOMS? -- VISION WORSE FOR FAR THAN NEAR OBJECTS -- VISION WORSE FOR NEAR THAN FAR OBJECTS -- FLUCTUATIONS IN IMAGE CLARITY -- DAZZLE -- GLASSES-INDUCED IMAGE DISTORTION -- DISCOLORED IMAGE -- GHOST IMAGE -- SUMMARY -- 3. NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS OF RETINOCORTICAL DISORDERS -- NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE SYMPTOMS -- PERSISTENT VISUAL DEFICITS -- UNPROVOKED TRANSIENT VISUAL DEFICITS -- PROVOKED TRANSIENT VISUAL DEFICITS -- SUMMARY -- 4. POSITIVE SYMPTOMS OF RETINOCORTICAL DISORDERS -- ILLUSIONS AND HALLUCINATIONS -- DEAFFERENTATION STATES -- VISUAL PATHWAY LESIONS -- OCULAR MOTOR AND VESTIBULAR LESIONS -- SUMMARY -- 5. SYMPTOMS OF INTEGRATIVE VISUAL DISORDERS -- THE "WHERE" AND "WHAT" VISUAL INTEGRAITVE PATHWAYS -- FAILED VISUAL SPATIAL AND ATTENTIONAL SKILLS -- FAILED RECOGNITION -- FAILED MENTAL IMAGERY AND DREAMING -- FAILED AWARENESS OF VISION AND ITS LOSS -- SUMMARY -- Part III: Measures of a Failing Visual System -- 6. VISUAL ACUITY, CONTRAST SENSITIVITY, BRIGHTNESS SENSE, AND COLOR VISION -- VISUAL ACUITY -- CONTRAST SENSITIVITY -- BRIGHTNESS SENSE -- COLOR VISION -- SUMMARY -- 7. VISUAL FIELDS -- RATIONALE AND OBSTACLES -- TESTING METHODS -- INTERPRETATION -- SUMMARY -- 8. PUPILLARY REACTIONS -- THE PUPILLARY REFLEX ARC -- TESTING AND INTERPRETATION -- SUMMARY -- 9. DARK ADAPTOMETRY, ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY, AND VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS -- DARK ADAPTOMETRY -- ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY -- VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS -- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF VISION LOSS: ALL TOOLS CONSIDERED -- SUMMARY -- Part IV: Topographic Disorders.

10. RETINA AND CHOROID I: VASCULAR DISORDERS -- RETINAL AND CHOROIDAL ARTERIAL CIRCULATIONS -- RETINAL VASCULAR REACTION PATTERNS -- CHOROIDAL VASCULAR REACTION PATTERNS -- SUMMARY -- 11. RETINA AND CHOROID II: INFLAMMATORY, DEGENERATIVE, TOXIC, AND NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS -- INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS -- DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS -- TOXIC DISORDERS -- NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS -- SUMMARY -- 12. OPTIC NERVE AND CHIASM I: INFLAMMATORY, ISCHEMIC, AND INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE DISORDERS -- GENERAL CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS -- INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS -- ISCHEMIC DISORDERS -- INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE -- SUMMARY -- 13. OPTIC NERVE AND CHIASM II: DYSPLASTIC, NEOPLASTIC, ANEURYSMAL, HEREDITARY, TOXIC, NUTRITIONAL, TRAUMATIC, AND GLAUCOMATOUS DISORDERS -- DYSPLASTIC DISORDERS -- NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS -- ANEURYSMAL DISORDERS -- HEREDITARY DISORDERS -- TOXIC AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS -- TRAUMATIC DISORDERS -- GLAUCOMA -- SUMMARY -- 14. OPTIC TRACT, LATERAL GENICULATE BODY, AND ANTERIOR OPTIC RADIATIONS -- OPTIC TRACT -- LATERAL GENICULATE BODY -- ANTERIOR OPTIC RADIATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 15. POSTERIOR OPTIC RADIATIONS AND PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX -- SHARED CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS -- MIGRAINE -- SEIZURES -- TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS -- CLOSED HEAD INJURY -- POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION -- MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION -- HYPOTENSION AND HYPOXIA -- SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS THROMBOSIS -- OCCIPITAL LOBAR HEMORRHAGE -- LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHIES -- POLIOENCEPHALOPATHIES -- DELAYED VISUAL MATURATION -- SUMMARY -- 16. PARIETAL VISION-RELATED CORTEX -- HEMISPATIAL NEGLECT -- BILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT: THE BALINT-HOLMES SYNDROME -- AKINETOPSIA -- SUMMARY -- 17. TEMPORAL VISION-RELATED CORTEX -- PITFALLS IN DIAGNOSIS -- VISUAL OBJECT AGNOSIA -- PROSOPAGNOSIA -- PURE ALEXIA -- CEREBRAL ACHROMATOPSIA -- COLOR ANOMIA -- VISUAL AMNESIA -- SUMMARY.

Part V: Nonorganic Visual Disturbances -- 18. NONORGANIC VISUAL DISTURBANCES -- WHAT IS A NONORGANIC CONDITION? -- POSITIVE VISUAL MANIFESTATIONS -- NEGATIVE VISUAL MANIFESTATIONS -- MANAGEMENT ERRORS -- UNDERLYING BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS -- SUMMARY -- Part VI: Problem Cases -- 19. QUESTIONS -- 20. ANSWERS -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.