Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Different Types of Cross-linguistic Similarities -- Chapter 3 Learner Expectations, On-line Comprehension and Receptive Learning -- Chapter 4 Cross-linguistic Similarities in Comprehension and Production: The Mental Lexicon -- Chapter 5 Transfer: The Use of Cross-linguistic Similarities. The Finnish Scene -- Chapter 6 Tests of English Comparing Finnish and Swedish Speakers in Finland -- Chapter 7 Levels of Transfer: Items and Procedures (Systems) -- Chapter 8 Item Transfer in Production: Areas of Language -- Chapter 9 Skill Theory, Automaticity and Foreign Language Learning -- Chapter 10 Development of Foreign Language Learning -- Chapter 11 Consequences for Teaching -- Chapter 12 Further Research Needed -- Chapter 13 Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Index of Persons Cited.