
Oil Spill Environmental Forensics : Fingerprinting and Source Identification.
Title:
Oil Spill Environmental Forensics : Fingerprinting and Source Identification.
Author:
Wang, Zhendi.
ISBN:
9780080467733
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (617 pages)
Contents:
Front cover -- Oil Spill Environmental Forensics -- Copyright page -- Biography -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Preface -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Chemical Fingerprinting of Spilled or Discharged Petroleum - Methods and Factors Affecting Petroleum Fingerprints in the Environment -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Methods for Chemical Fingerprinting Petroleum -- 1.3 Factors Controlling the Chemical Fingerprints of Spilled or Discharged Petroleum -- 1.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Spill Site Investigation in Environmental Forensic Investigations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Environmental Site Characterization and Reconnaissance Survey -- 2.3 Site Entry and Safety Issues during the Emergency Response Phase -- 2.4 Determination of Geographic Boundary and Definition of Different Zones within the Affected Area: 1. Terrestrial Oil Spills -- 2.5 Determination of Geographic Boundary and Definition of Different Zones within the Affected Area: 2. Marine/Coastal Waterborne Oil Spills -- 2.6 Collection of Physical, Ecological, and Environmental Data -- 2.7 Sampling Plan and Design: 1. Spills with Known Source -- 2.8 Sampling Plan and Design: 2. "Mystery" Spills -- 2.9 Data Management -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Petroleum Biomarker Fingerprinting for Oil Spill Characterization and Source Identification -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Analytical Methodologies for Petroleum Biomarker Fingerprinting -- 3.3 Fingerprinting Petroleum Biomarkers -- 3.4 Effects of Weathering on Biomarker Fingerprinting -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles for Source Identification -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sulfur Compounds in Crude Oil and Petroleum Products -- 4.3 Influence of Refinery Processes on PASH Patterns.
4.4 Stability of Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles in the Environment -- 4.5 Petroleum PASH Analysis Techniques -- 4.6 Petroleum PASH Markers in Environmental Forensic Investigations -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Oil Spill Source Identification by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC ¥ GC) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC GC) -- 5.3 Applications of GC GC to Fingerprint Oil Spills -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Application of Stable Isotope Ratios in Spilled Oil Identification -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Isotope Ratios and Their Measurement -- 6.3 Bulk Isotope Ratios -- 6.4 Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) -- 6.5 Weathering -- 6.6 Other Isotopes -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Emerging CEN Methodology for Oil Spill Identification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Scope of the CEN Methodology -- 7.3 Strategy for Identifying Oil Spills -- 7.4 Tiered Levels of Analysis and Data Treatment -- 7.5 The CEN Methodology in Practice: A Case Study -- 7.6 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 8: Advantages of Quantitative Chemical Fingerprinting in Oil Spill Source Identification -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Qualitative Fingerprinting Methods -- 8.3 Quantitative Fingerprinting Methods -- 8.4 Unraveling Mixed Source Oils Using Quantitative Fingerprinting Data -- 8.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: A Multivariate Approach to Oil Hydrocarbon Fingerprinting and Spill Source Identification -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Sample Preparation and Chemical Analysis -- 9.3 Data Preprocessing -- 9.4 Multivariate Statistical Data Analysis -- 9.5 Data Evaluation -- 9.6 Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: Chemical Heterogeneity in Modern Marine Residual Fuel Oils -- 10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Forensic Chemistry Considerations -- 10.3 General Features of Modern Residual Marine Fuel Oils -- 10.4 Molecular Variability among Modern Residual Fuel Oils -- 10.5 Distinguishing Heavy Fuel Oils from Crude Oil -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Biodegradation of Oil Hydrocarbons and Its Implications for Source Identification -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biochemistry of Petroleum Biodegradation -- 11.3 Subsurface Biodegradation of Petroleum -- 11.4 Factors Limiting Biodegradation -- 11.5 Microbial Ecology of Petroleum Biodegradation -- 11.6 Conclusions -- Implications of Biodegradation on Identification -- References -- Chapter 12: Identification of Hydrocarbons in Biological Samples for Source Determination -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Determination of the Primary Route of Hydrocarbon Accumulation by Biota -- 12.3 Catabolic Degradation of Hydrocarbons Accumulated by Biota -- 12.4 Modes of Toxic Action of Accumulated Hydrocarbons -- 12.5 Case Study: The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 13: Trajectory Modeling of Marine Oil Spills -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Forecasting and Hindcasting Oil Spill Movement -- 13.3 Oil Spill Transport -- 13.4 Evolution of an Oil Spill -- 13.5 Conclusions and Challenges -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14: Oil Spill Remote Sensing: A Forensic Approach -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Visible Indications of Oil -- 14.3 Optical Sensors -- 14.4 Laser Fluorosensors -- 14.5 Microwave Sensors -- 14.6 Determination of Slick Thickness -- 14.7 Acoustic Systems -- 14.8 Satellite Remote Sensing -- 14.9 Detection of Oil under Ice -- 14.10 Real-Time Displays and Printers -- 14.11 Future Trends -- References -- Chapter 15: Advances in Forensic Techniques for Petroleum Hydrocarbons: The Exxon Valdez Experience -- 15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Identification of Hydrocarbon Sources in PWS -- 15.3 Composition of Exxon Valdez Crude and Its Weathering Products -- 15.4 Resolution of Inputs to the Natural Background -- 15.5 Hydrocarbon Source Allocations -- 15.6 Allocation of Anthropogenic Sources of PAH -- 15.7 Identification of Hydrocarbons in Biological Samples -- 15.8 Applications of Forensic Methods to Assessments of Oil Bioavailability -- 15.9 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16: Case Study: Oil Spills in the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia -- 16.1 Strait of Malacca, Malaysia: Introduction -- 16.2 Chronic and Acute Oil Spill Events in the Strait -- 16.3 Methodology -- 16.4 Analytical Procedure -- 16.5 Instrumental Analysis -- 16.6 Establishment and Application of Biomarker Analysis for Source Identification of Oil Pollution Sources in the Strait of Malacca -- 16.7 Case Study 1: Development of the Analytical Method for Oil Pollution Source Identification Using Biomarkers in the Strait of Malacca -- 16.8 The Application of Molecular Markers for Source Identification of Tar-Ball Pollution in Malaysia -- 16.9 Case Study 2: Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rivers and Estuaries in Malaysia -- 16.10 Conclusions and Future Scenario -- References -- Chapter 17: Case Study: Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Sources in Guanabara Bay, Brazil -- 17.1 Guanabara Bay and Hydrocarbon Apportioning -- 17.2 Methodology for Hydrocarbon Determination and Source Evaluation -- 17.3 Hydrocarbon Results for Guanabara Bay Sediments -- 17.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Color Plates.
Abstract:
Oil Spill Environmental Forensics provides a complete view of the various forensic techniques used to identify the source of an oil spill into the environment. The forensic procedures described within represent various methods from scientists throughout the world. The authors explore which analytical and interpretative techniques are best suited for a particular oil spill project. This handy reference also explores the use of these techniques in actual environmental oil spills. Famous incidents discussed include the Exxon Valdez incident in 1989 and the Guanabara Bay, Brazil 2000. The authors chronicle both the successes and failures of the techniques used for each of these events. Dr. Zhendi Wang is a senior research scientist and Head of Oil Spill Research of Environment Canada, working in the oil and toxic chemical spill research field. He has authored over 270 academic publications and won a number of national and international scientific honors and awards. Dr. Wang is a member of American Chemical Society (ACS), the Canadian Society for Chemistry (CSC), and the International Society of Environmental Forensics (ISEF). *International experts show readers the forensic techniques used in oil spill investigations *Provides the theoretical basis and practical applications for investigative techniques *Contains numerous case studies demonstrating proven techniques.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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