Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Evaluation of cognitive and behavioral disorders in the stroke unit -- Introduction -- Difficulty in evaluating cognitive functions in the stroke unit -- The necessity of steadily evaluating cognitive functions in acute stroke -- Cognitive behavioral disorders in the stroke unit -- Clinical approach of right hemispheric strokes at different steps of evolution: The example of spatial neglect -- Clinical approach to left hemispheric strokes: The example of aphasia -- Clinical approach to posterior strokes: The example of visual agnosia -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 2 Motor and gestural disorders: Abnormal movement and motor behavior -- Introduction -- Transient movement disorders -- Hemiballism-hemichorea -- Asterixis -- Paroxysmal dyskinesia -- Permanent movement disorders -- Dystonia -- Dystonia and striato-pallidal Lesions -- Thalamic tremor -- Vascular parkinsonism -- Vascular generalized chorea -- REFERENCES -- 3 Gestural apraxia -- Introduction -- Approach to gestural apraxia in clinical practice -- Bilateral limb apraxias: Ideomotor apraxia and ideational apraxia -- Unilateral limb apraxias: Limb kinetic apraxia and callosal apraxia -- Unimodal apraxias: The example of optic ataxia -- Apraxia testing -- Gestural apraxia in strokes -- Left and right hemisphere contributions to IMA in strokes -- Pantomime / imitation -- Transitive / intransitive movements -- Pantomimes / actual using -- Cortical and subcortical contributions to IMA in stroke -- Parietal cortex and other cortical contributions to IMA in stroke -- Recovery and rehabilitation of gestural apraxia after stroke -- Long-lasting apraxia: a critical factor for recovering autonomy in everyday life -- Apraxia therapy: Usefulness of selective programs.

Neural substrates of action: a distributed network where the parietal lobe may be an interface -- REFERENCES -- 4 Aphasia in stroke -- Introduction -- Broca's aphasia, expressive aphasia, motor aphasias -- Broca's aphasia -- Global aphasia -- Pure motor aphasia -- Transcortical motor aphasia -- Wernicke's aphasia, sensory aphasia -- Wernicke's aphasia -- Pure word deafness -- Neologistic jargon -- Conduction aphasia -- Transcortical sensory aphasia -- Isolation syndrome -- Anomic aphasia -- Subcortical stroke aphasias -- Alexia and agraphia -- Recovery from aphasic stroke syndromes -- Functional activation of language -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 5 Acute vascular aphasia -- Introduction -- Aphasia at the acute stage of stroke -- Characteristics of acute aphasia -- Clinical radiological correlation -- Deep MCA and thalamic strokes -- Uncommon localization -- Other clinical entities mimicking stroke aphasia -- Functional imaging techniques -- Outcome -- Assessment and management at the acute stage -- Speech and language therapy -- REFERENCES -- 6 Dysarthria -- Introduction -- Speech production -- Classification of dysarthria -- Evaluation of dysarthria -- Varieties of vascular dysarthria -- Spastic dysarthria -- Unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria -- Ataxic dysarthria -- Flaccid dysarthria -- Treatments -- REFERENCES -- 7 Alexia and agraphia in acute and chronic stroke -- Introduction -- Presentations of disordered reading and writing -- Impaired spatial attention: Neglect dyslexia -- Impaired access to orthography from vision: Alexia without agraphia -- Impaired access to orthography: Alexia with agraphia -- Impaired access to sublexical orthography-to-phonology correspondence (OPC) mechanisms -- Impaired access to semantic representations -- Impaired access to semantic representations and orthography-to-phonology correspondence mechanisms.

Impaired access to phonological representations for output in reading: Alexia with anomia -- Pure agraphia -- Alexia and agraphia in stroke -- Frequency of written language deficits and clinical presentation -- Strokes responsible for alexia and agraphia -- Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) ischemia -- Left PCA ischemia -- Left inferior division MCA ischemia -- Left superior division MCA ischemia -- Assessment of alexia and agraphia in stroke -- Prognosis and management of alexia and agraphia -- REFERENCES -- 8 Acalculia and Gerstmann's syndrome -- Introduction -- Acalculia: General presentation -- Basic number processing abilities -- The triple code -- Input/output -- Transcoding -- Calculation -- Anatomical implementation -- Verbal numerals and the language areas -- Arabic numerals and the occipitotemporal cortex -- Quantities and the HIPS -- Connectivity -- Varieties of acalculia -- Hemispheric specialization -- Number transcoding deficits -- Quantity processing deficits -- Core semantic deficits -- Neglect and the ''number line'' -- Attention to space and the perception of numerosity -- Impairments of mental calculation -- Symbolic input and output processes -- Spatial layout of arithmetic problems -- Executive control and sequencing -- Elementary calculation deficits -- Approximate vs. exact calculation -- Algebra and conceptual arithmetic principles -- Dissociating numbers and language -- Numbers, Gerstmann's syndrome, and the parietal lobes -- Acalculia in strokes -- Assessment and rehabilitation of acalculia -- REFERENCES -- 9 Hemispatial neglect -- Introduction -- General clinical manifestations of spatial neglect -- Perceptual deficits -- Motor deficits -- Frames of reference -- Sectors of space -- Imaginal representation -- Dissociations between neglect subtypes -- Implicit processing.

Occurrence of spatial neglect in stroke -- Anatomical correlates and subtypes of spatial neglect -- Cerebrovascular topographic associations -- Functional neuroanatomy and subtypes of spatial neglect -- Clinical assessment of spatial neglect -- Recovery and prognosis -- REFERENCES -- 10 Anosognosia and denial after right hemisphere stroke -- General presentation of anosognosia -- Anosognosia after right hemisphere stroke: Clinical features -- Characteristics of strokes responsible for anosognosia -- Incidence of anosognosia after stroke: Right left asymmetry -- Recovery -- Anosognosia as a marker of prognosis after right hemisphere stroke -- Anatomy of anosognosia for hemiplegia after right brain damage -- Assessment of anosognosia -- Pathogenesis -- Therapy for anosognosia -- REFERENCES -- 11 Asomatognosia -- General presentation of the disorders of bodily awareness -- The body: Insights from neurology -- On assessing the body schema -- Our approach -- What place for asomatognosia? Relationship to anosognosia and related disorders -- A framework proposal -- Unilateral disorders -- ''Indifferent'' disorders -- [Defective] Hemiasomatognosia, personal and motor neglect -- [Productive] Hallucinatory movements (kinesthetic hallucinations), allochiria -- ''Delusional'' disorders -- [Defective] Somatoparaphrenia: Disownership -- ''Critical'' disorders -- [Defective] feeling of absence (true feeling of amputation), hemi-depersonalization, phantom amputation, alien hand syndromes -- [Productive] Feelings of transformation, illusory supernumerary limb -- Non-unilateral disorders of the body scheme -- ''Indifferent'' disorders -- Defective -- Productive -- ''Delusional'' disorders -- Defective -- Productive -- ''Critical'' disorders -- Defective -- Productive -- Anatomical correlates and mechanisms -- Assessing asomatognosia.

General approach to the investigation of body schema disorders -- Specific tests of asomatognosia -- Course and outcome -- Rehabilitative pathways -- REFERENCES -- 12 Disorders of visuoconstructive ability -- General presentation of visuoconstructive disorders -- Visuoconstructive disorders observed in stroke -- Frequency of visuoconstructive impairment -- Visuoconstructive disorders in stroke -- Characteristics of strokes responsible for visuoconstructive disorders -- Assessment of visuoconstructive disorders in stroke -- Prognosis and management -- REFERENCES -- 13 Topographical disorientation -- General description of topographical disorientation -- Topographical disorientation and stroke -- Assessment of topographical disorientation in stroke patients -- Clinical examination -- Neuropsychological assessment -- Outcome and management -- REFERENCES -- 14 Cortical blindness -- Introduction -- Description -- Clinical symptoms -- Residual vision -- Main causes -- Cortical blindness of vascular origin -- Clinical symptoms -- Evolution -- Strokes responsible for cortical blindness -- Assessment -- Clinical neuro-ophthalmological assessment -- EEG -- VEP -- Management -- REFERENCES -- 15 Bálint's syndrome -- Introduction -- General presentation of Baĺint's syndrome -- Complete Bálint's syndrome -- Optic Ataxia -- Gaze apraxia -- Simultanagnosia -- Associated deficits -- Minor forms of Bálint's syndrome -- Location of lesions and functional correlations -- Differential diagnosis -- Causes of Baĺint's syndrome -- Bálint's syndrome in stroke -- Assessment -- Prognosis and management -- Acknowledgment -- REFERENCES -- 16 Prosopagnosia -- General presentation of the disorder -- Etiology and lesion localization -- Associated deficits and functional aspects of prosopagnosia -- Associated deficits.

Subtypes of prosopagnosic deficits or functional aspects of prosopagnosia.