Cover -- The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction -- Contents -- Preface to the first edition -- Preface to the second edition -- Acknowledgements -- About the author -- Dedication -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- List of symbols -- Greek symbols -- Subscript -- Abbreviations -- Reminder -- Dimensionless numbers -- Notes -- Part 1 Basic Principles of Open Channel Flows -- 1. Introduction -- Summary -- 1.1 Presentation -- 1.2 Fluid properties -- 1.3 Static fluids -- 1.4 Open channel flow -- 1.4.1 Definition -- 1.4.2 Applications -- 1.4.3 Discussion -- 1.5 Exercises -- 2. Fundamental equations -- Summary -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The fundamental equations -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 The continuity equation -- 2.2.3 The momentum equation -- The Navier-Stokes equation -- Application of the momentum equation -- Application: hydraulic jump -- The Bernoulli equation -- 2.2.4 The energy equation -- 2.3 Exercises -- 3. Applications of the Bernoulli equation to open channel flows -- Summary -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Application of the Bernoulli equation - specific energy -- 3.2.1 Bernoulli equation -- Summary -- Application of the Bernoulli equation -- Hydrostatic pressure distribution in open channel flow -- Pressure distribution in open channel flow -- Mean total head -- Pitot tube -- 3.2.2 Influence of the velocity distribution -- Introduction -- Velocity distribution -- Velocity coefficients -- Momentum correction coefficient -- Kinetic energy correction coefficient -- Correction coefficient in the Bernoulli equation -- 3.2.3 Specific energy -- Definition -- Analysis of the specific energy -- Relationship flow depth versus specific energy -- Critical flow conditions -- Application of the specific energy -- Discussion.

Change in specific energy associated with a fixed discharge -- Case of fixed specific energy -- 3.2.4 Limitations of the Bernoulli equation -- 3.3 Froude number -- 3.3.1 Definition -- 3.3.2 Similarity and Froude number -- 3.3.3 Critical conditions and wave celerity -- 3.3.4 Analogy with compressible flow -- 3.3.5 Critical flows and controls -- Occurrence of critical flow - control section -- Upstream and downstream controls -- Application: influence of the channel width -- 3.4 Properties of common open-channel shapes -- 3.4.1 Properties -- 3.4.2 Critical flow conditions -- 3.5 Exercises -- 4. Applications of the momentum principle: hydraulic jump, surge and flow resistance in open channels -- Summary -- 4.1 Momentum principle and application -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Momentum principle -- 4.1.3 Momentum function -- 4.2 Hydraulic jump -- 4.2.1 Presentation -- Definition -- 4.2.2 Basic equations -- 4.2.3 Discussion -- Types of hydraulic jump -- Length of the roller -- Application: energy dissipation basin -- 4.3 Surges and bores -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Equations -- 4.3.3 Discussion -- 4.3.4 Positive and negative surges -- Definitions -- Positive surges -- Negative surges -- Discussion -- 4.4 Flow resistance in open channels -- 4.4.1 Presentation and definitions -- Introduction -- Head loss -- Bottom shear stress and shear velocity -- Friction factor calculation -- 4.4.2 Flow resistance of open channel flows -- Momentum equation in steady uniform equilibrium open channel flow -- Chézy coefficient -- The Gauckler-Manning coefficient -- The Strickler's coefficient -- Particular flow resistance approximations -- 4.5 Flow resistance calculations in engineering practice -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- Flow resistance calculations in open channels -- 4.5.2 Selection of a flow resistance formula -- 4.5.3 Flow resistance in a flood plain -- 4.6 Exercises.

Momentum equation -- Hydraulic jump -- Surges and bores -- Flow resistance -- 5. Uniform flows and gradually varied flows -- Summary -- 5.1 Uniform flows -- 5.1.1 Presentation -- Definition -- Basic equations -- 5.1.2 Discussion -- Mild and steep slopes -- Critical slope -- Application: most efficient cross-sectional shape -- 5.1.3 Uniform flow depth in non-rectangular channels -- 5.2 Non-uniform flows -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Equations for GVF: backwater calculation -- 5.2.3 Discussion -- Singularity of the energy equation -- Free-surface profiles -- 5.2.4 Backwater computations -- Discussion -- Standard step method (distance calculated from depth) -- 5.3 Exercises -- Critical and uniform flow calculations -- Hydraulic controls -- Backwater calculations -- Part 1 Revision exercises -- Revision exercise No. 1 -- Revision exercise No. 2 -- Revision exercise No. 3 -- Revision exercise No. 4 -- Revision exercise No. 5 -- Revision exercise No. 6 -- Revision exercise No. 7 -- Revision exercise No. 8 -- Revision exercise No. 9 -- Appendices to Part 1 -- A1.1 Constants and fluid properties -- A1.1.1 Acceleration of gravity -- Standard acceleration of gravity -- Absolute gravity values -- A1.1.2 Properties of water -- A1.1.3 Gas properties -- Basic equations -- Physical properties -- Compressibility and bulk modulus of elasticity -- Celerity of sound -- Introduction -- Sound celerity in gas -- Classical values -- A1.1.4 Atmospheric parameters -- Air pressure -- Air temperature -- Viscosity of air -- A1.2 Unit conversions -- A1.2.1 Introduction -- Principles and rules -- A1.2.2 Units and conversion factors -- A1.3 Mathematics -- Summary -- A1.3.1 Introduction -- References -- Notation -- Constants -- A1.3.2 Vector operations -- Definitions -- Vector operations -- Scalar product of two vectors -- Vector product -- A1.3.3 Differential and differentiation.

Absolute differential -- Differential operators -- Gradient -- Divergence -- Curl -- Laplacian operator -- Polar coordinates -- Operator relationship -- Gradient -- Divergence -- Curl -- Laplacian -- A1.3.4 Trigonometric functions -- Definitions -- Relationships -- Inverse trigonometric functions -- A1.3.5 Hyperbolic functions -- Definitions -- Relationships -- Inverse hyperbolic functions -- A1.3.6 Complex numbers -- Definition -- Properties -- Conjugate number -- A1.3.7 Polynomial equations -- Presentation -- Polynomial equation of degree two -- Polynomial equation of degree three -- A1.4 Alternate depths in open channel flow -- A1.4.1 Presentation -- A1.4.2 Discussion -- Part 2 Introduction to Sediment Transport in Open Channels -- 6. Introduction to sediment transport in open channels -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Significance of sediment transport -- 6.2.1 Sediment transport in large alluvial streams -- 6.2.2 Failures caused by sediment-transport processes -- Moore Creek dam, Tamworth, Australia -- Old Quipolly dam, Werris Creek, Australia -- Mount Isa railway bridges, Queensland, Australia -- Shihmen dam, Taiwan -- 6.3 Terminology -- 6.4 Structure of this section -- 6.5 Exercises -- 7. Sediment transport and sediment properties -- 7.1 Basic concepts -- 7.1.1 Definitions -- 7.1.2 Bed formation -- 7.2 Physical properties of sediments -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Property of single particles -- 7.2.3 Properties of sediment mixture -- 7.2.4 Particle size distribution -- 7.3 Particle fall velocity -- 7.3.1 Presentation -- 7.3.2 Settling velocity of a single particle in still fluid -- Discussion: settling velocity of sediment particles -- 7.3.3 Effect of sediment concentration -- 7.3.4 Effect of turbulence on the settling velocity -- 7.4 Angle of repose -- 7.5 Laboratory measurements -- 7.5.1 Particle size distribution.

7.5.2 Concentration of suspended sediments -- 7.6 Exercises -- Bed forms -- Sediment properties -- Settling velocity -- 8. Inception of sediment motion - occurrence of bed load motion -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Hydraulics of alluvial streams -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Velocity distributions in turbulent flows -- 8.2.3 Velocity profiles in alluvial streams -- 8.2.4 Forces acting on a sediment particle -- 8.3 Threshold of sediment bed motion -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Simple dimensional analysis -- Discussion -- 8.3.3 Experimental observations -- Comments -- 8.3.4 Discussion -- 8.4 Exercises -- 9. Inception of suspended-load motion -- 9.1 Presentation -- 9.2 Initiation of suspension and critical bed shear stress -- 9.3 Onset of hyperconcentrated flow -- 9.3.1 Definition -- 9.3.2 Discussion -- 9.4 Exercises -- 10. Sediment transport mechanisms: 1. Bed-load transport -- 10.1 Introduction -- Definitions -- 10.2 Empirical correlations of bed-load transport rate -- 10.2.1 Introduction -- 10.2.2 Empirical bed-load transport predictions -- 10.3 Bed-load calculations -- 10.3.1 Presentation -- 10.3.2 Bed-load transport rate -- 10.3.3 Discussion -- 10.4 Applications -- 10.4.1 Application No. 1 -- First calculations -- Approach No. 1: Meyer-Peter correlation -- Approach No. 2: Einstein function -- Approach No. 3: bed-load calculation (equation (10.5)) -- Summary -- 10.4.2 Application No. 2 -- First calculations -- Approach No. 1: Meyer-Peter correlation -- Approach No. 2 : Einstein function -- Approach No. 3: bed-load calculation (equation (10.5)) -- Summary -- 10.4.3 Application No. 3 -- First calculations -- Approach No. 1: Meyer-Peter correlation -- Approach No. 2: Einstein function -- Approach No. 3: bed-load calculation (equation (10.5)) -- Summary -- Discussion -- 10.5 Exercises -- 11. Sediment transport mechanisms: 2. Suspended-load transport.

11.1 Introduction.