Manual of Endoscopic Surgery -- Half Title -- Full Title -- Copyright -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Table of Contents cont. 1 -- Table of Contents cont. 2 -- 1 Principles of Practice -- Accurate Diagnosis Is the Key to Success -- Accurate Diagnosis Is the Key to Success cont. -- Focus on the Patient's Main Complaint -- Dealing with the Patient's Expectations -- Optimize Medical Treatment -- Tailor the Surgery to Fit the Extent of the Problem -- Minimize Surgical Morbidity -- Sense of Smell Should Be Preserved at All Costs -- The Importance of Postoperative Treatment -- 2 Who? Patient Selection -- Who Will Most Likely Profitfrom Surgery? -- Symptom-oriented Patient Selection -- Nasal Obstruction -- Facial Pain and Pressure -- Disordered Sense of Smell -- Anterior Rhinorrhea -- Posterior Rhinorrhea -- Disease-oriented Patient Selection -- Chronic Infective Rhinosinusitis -- Aspergillosis/Fungal Disease -- Maxillary Sinusitis Secondaryto Dental Disease -- Antrochoanal Polyp -- Inverted Papilloma -- Unilateral Nasal Polyps Associated with Neoplasia -- Benign and Malignant Tumors -- Pediatric Rhinosinusitis -- Who Not to Select for Surgery -- Patient Expectations -- 3 When? Optimizing Diagnosis, Medical Treatment, and Timing of Surgery -- Optimizing the Diagnosis -- Patient History -- Patient History cont. 1 -- Patient History cont. 2 -- Patient History cont. 3 -- Examination -- Investigations -- Optimizing Medical Treatment -- The Management of Allergic Rhinitis -- The Management of Nonallergic Rhinitis -- The Management of Infective Rhinosinusitis -- The Management of Fungal Rhinosinusitis -- The Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitiswith Polyposis -- The Use of Systemic Steroids -- Optimizing the Timing of Surgery -- Optimizing the Timing of Surgery cont. -- 4 Why? Goals of Surgery in Patients with Rhinosinusitis.

Why Surgery Can Help the Diseased Mucosa -- Rationale and Goals of Surgery in Specific Conditions -- Unknown Pathology/Biopsy -- Mucoceles -- Antrochoanal Polyp -- Benign and Malignant Tumors -- Inverted Papilloma -- Periorbital Abscess -- Barotrauma -- Choanal Atresia -- Epistaxis -- Distal Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction -- Repair of Dural and Skull Base Defects -- Pituitary Surgery -- Decompression of the Orbit -- Decompression of the Optic Nerve -- Quality of Life -- Quality of Life cont. -- 5 How? Operative Procedures: A Step-by-Step Safe and Logical Approach -- Procedures -- Infundibulotomy (Uncinectomy) ± Maxillary Sinusotomy (I, II, III) -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Anatomy -- Anatomy cont. 1 -- Anatomy cont. 2 -- Surgical Technique -- Surgical Technique cont. -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Alternative Surgical Techniques cont. 1 -- Alternative Surgical Techniques cont. 2 -- Useful Instruments -- Partial Anterior Ethmoidectomy -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Anatomy -- Surgical Technique -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Frontoethmoidectomy ± Frontal Sinusotomy (I, II, III) -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Anatomy -- Anatomy cont. 1 -- Anatomy cont. 2 -- Anatomy cont. 3 -- Surgical Technique -- Surgical Technique cont. 1 -- Surgical Technique cont. 2 -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Useful Instruments -- Sphenoethmoidectomy ± Sphenoid Sinusotomy (I, II, III -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Anatomy -- Surgical Technique -- Surgical Technique cont. 1 -- Surgical Technique cont. 2 -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Useful Instruments -- Frontosphenoethmoidectomy ± Frontal Sinusotomy (I, II, III) ± Maxillary Sinusotomy (I, II, III) ± Sphenoid Sinusotomy (I, II, III) -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Sphenoid Sinusotomy (I, II, III).

Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Anatomy -- Surgical Technique -- A Comment on the Management of theMiddle and Superior Turbinates -- Surgical Technique -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Alternative Surgical Techniques cont. -- 6 An Endoscopic Tour: Endoscopic Examination, Anatomical Variations, and Specific Conditions -- Outpatient Examination -- The Endoscopic Tour -- The Endoscopic Tour cont. -- Endoscopic Evidence of Mucosal Disease -- Anatomical Variations -- Agger Nasi Air Cells -- Concha Bullosa -- A Paradoxical Middle Turbinate -- A Bifid Middle Turbinate -- A Polypoidal Anterior End of the MiddleTurbinate -- A Paradoxical Uncinate Process -- Pneumatized Uncinate Process -- Accessory Ostia of the Maxillary Sinus Anterior to the Uncinate Process -- Accessory Ostium of the Maxillary Sinus in the Posterior Fontanelle -- An Atlas of Specific ConditionsTo Help Recognize Variations in Anatomyand Different Pathological Conditions -- Allergy -- Infection -- Inflammatory Diseases -- Benign Tumors -- Malignant Tumors -- Miscellaneous -- 7 The Place of Radiology -- The Role of Conventional Radiology -- The Role of Computed Tomography -- When to Request CT in the Management of Rhinosinusitis -- CT Parameters -- Radiation Exposure -- Indications for MRI -- MR Angiography -- Digital Subtraction Angiography -- Interdisciplinary Cooperation -- Points to Mention on a CT Request -- 8 Preoperative Checklist -- Confirm the Diagnosis -- Reviewing the Effect of MaximumMedical Treatment Helpsin Determining Prognosis -- Optimize the Immediate PreoperativeCondition -- Check That Relevant InvestigationsHave Been Done -- Allergy Tests -- Immune Status -- Hematological Parameters -- Olfaction -- Vision -- Review the Relevant Medical History -- Preoperative CT Checklist -- Preoperative CT Checklist cont. 1 -- Preoperative CT Checklist cont. 2.

Preoperative CT Checklist cont. 3 -- Planning and Staging the Procedure -- Informed Consent -- 9 Patient Consent and Information -- How To Communicate the Benefits and Risks of Surgery to the Patient -- Time Off Work and Advice about Flying -- Complications -- Specific Complications -- 10 Perioperative Aids -- Anesthesia -- Local Anesthesia -- Local Anesthetic Technique -- General Anesthesia -- General Anesthetic Technique -- Operating Room Setup -- Operating Table -- Surgeon's Seat -- Position of the Anesthetist -- Setup for One Surgeon -- Setup for Two Surgeons -- Video Stack/Cameras -- Cables -- Lighting -- Radiograph Screen -- Ancillary Staff -- Instruments -- Endoscopes -- Camera Systems -- Suckers -- Curved Olive-ended Suckers -- Ball Probes -- Curettes -- Blakesley Forceps -- Through-cutting Instruments (Rhinoforce Blakesley/Mackay−Grunewald Forceps) -- Rhinoforce Stammberger Antrum Punch ("Back-biters") -- Hajek−Kofler (Rotating) Punch -- Stammberger Cutting Mushroom Punch -- Kerrison Antrum Punch -- Freer Elevator -- Sickle Knife -- Belluci and Zurich Scissors -- Stammberger Side-biting Punch Forceps -- Heuwieser Antrum Grasping Forceps -- Giraffe Forceps (Kuhn−Bolger) -- Powered Shavers -- Drill -- Unipolar Suction Diathermy -- Bipolar Suction Diathermy -- Computer-aided Surgery -- Preoperative Work-up -- Modeling -- Positioning of the Patient, Surgeon,and Equipment -- Registration -- Methods of Localization -- Display of Images -- Accuracy -- Operative Time -- Economic Factors -- Teaching -- Real-time Computer-aided Surgery -- Peroperative Monitoring of Optic Function -- 11 Hints -- In the Operating Room -- Anesthetist's Goals -- Preparation -- Surgical Hints -- Objectives of the Operation -- 12 Preventing and Dealing with Complications -- Peroperative Complications -- Bleeding -- Bleeding cont. -- Fat Herniation and Violation of the Orbit.

Fat Herniation and Violation of the Orbit cont. 1 -- Fat Herniation and Violation of the Orbit cont. 2 -- CSF Leak -- CSF Leak cont. -- Dealing with an Intraoperative CSF Leak -- Retro-orbital Hemorrhage -- Retro-orbital Hemorrhage cont. -- Medial Rectus Damage -- Optic Nerve Lesion -- Postoperative Complications -- Bleeding -- Adhesions -- Epiphora -- Periorbital Emphysema -- Anosmia -- Frontal Recess Stenosis -- Crusting -- Infection -- Osteitis -- Neuropathic Pain -- 13 Postoperative Management -- The Postoperative Course -- In the Hospital -- Nasal Packs -- Douching -- Medical Management -- Outpatient Visit at One Week -- Debridement -- Medical Management -- Postoperative Problems -- Crusting -- Bleeding -- Pain -- Nasal Obstruction -- 14 Selected Procedures -- Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Surgical Anatomy -- Assessment -- Surgical Technique -- Endoscopic Marsupialization of the Sac withConventional Instruments -- Endoscopic Marsupialization of the Sac withConventional Instruments cont. -- Laser DCR -- Laser DCR cont. -- Principles of Surgical Technique in DCR -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Stents -- Useful Instruments -- Revision DCR -- Common Canalicular Pathology -- Management of the Sphenopalatine Artery -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Anatomy -- Surgical Technique -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Useful Instruments -- Management of the Anterior Ethmoid Artery -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Surgical Anatomy -- Surgical Technique -- Alternative Surgical Techniques -- Useful Instruments -- Median Frontal Sinus DrainageProcedure -- Terminology and Classification -- Indications -- Contraindications -- Surgical Anatomy -- Surgical Technique -- Surgical Technique cont. 1 -- Surgical Technique cont. 2 -- Alternative Surgical Techniques.

Useful Instruments.