Front Cover -- Plant Cell Death Processes -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword-Aging and Death -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- I. What this Book Covers -- II. The Processes-Senescence, Aging, Programmed Cell Death, Apoptosis, etc.-Evolving Concepts -- III. Apoptosis in Animals -- IV. Apoptosis in Plants -- V. The Senescence Syndrome -- VI. Hormonal Controls -- VII. Evolution -- References -- Chapter 2. Plant Cell Death and Cell Differentiation -- I. Introduction -- II. The Scope of PCD in Plants -- III. Prereproductive Cell Death -- IV. Reproductive Cell Death -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Cell Death in Plant Disease: Mechanisms and Molecular Markers -- I. Introduction -- II. Role of Cell Death during Plant-Pathogen Interactions -- III. Structural and Biochemical Changes Accompanying Cell Death during Plant Disease -- IV. Definition of Steps Involved in the Signaling Process of Cell Death Induction during Plant-Pathogen Interactions -- V. Molecular Components for Cell Death Control during Plant-Pathogen Interactions -- VI. Glogal Analyses of Markers for Cell Death Induction by Plant Pathogens -- References -- Chapter 4. Changes in Gene Expression during Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Changes in Patterns of Nucleic Acids and Proteins during Senescence -- III. Similarities between Senescing and Ripening Tissues -- IV. Identification and Classification of Senescence-related Genes -- V. Senescence-related Genes -- VI. Function of SR Genes in Senescence -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Genes that Alter Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Senescence as a Genetically Programmed Process -- III. Genes Involved in Execution of Senescence -- IV. Genes Affecting Senescence through Action on the Hormonal Controls -- V. Genes that Alter Senescence in Response to Environmental Factors.

VI. Genes Controlling Vegetative Growth (Regeneration) and Monocarpic Senescence -- VII. Regulatory Genes and Intracellular Signaling -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. Senescence and Genetic Engineering -- I. Introduction -- II. The Relationship of Cytokinins and Senescence -- III. The Relationship of Ethylene and Senescence -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7. Proteolysis -- I. Introduction -- II. Selective Hydrolysis of Peptide Bonds -- III. Proteolytic Activities in Plants -- IV. Proteolysis in Relation to Cell Death -- V. Regulation of Protein Catabolism -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. Ethylene Signaling in Plant Cell Death -- I. Introduction -- II. Ethylene Biosynthesis Pathways -- III. Temporal and Spatial Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis -- IV. Ethylene Signal Transduction Pathway -- V. Ethylene Cross Talk with Other Plant Hormones -- VI. Protease Involvement and Ethylene Biosynthesis in PCD -- VII. Hormonal Regulation of Plant PCD -- VIII. Perspective -- References -- Chapter 9. Jasmonates - Biosynthesis and Role in Stress Responses and Developmental Processes -- I. Introduction -- II. Jasmonates and Related Compounds -- III. LOX-derived Compounds and the Biosynthesis of Octadecanoids and Jasmonates -- IV. Jasmonate-induced Alteration of Gene Expression -- V. Jasmonates and Plant Defense Reactions -- VI. Jasmonates in Plant Development and Senescence -- References -- Chapter 10. Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Loss -- III. Protein Metabolism during Leaf Senescence -- IV. Protein degradation -- V. Remobilization of Nitrogen in Senescing Leaves -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11. Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Breakdown -- I. Introduction -- II. Decline of Photosynthetic Function -- III. Chloroplast Breakdown.

IV. Expression of Nuclear Genes Encoding Photosynthesis-related Proteins -- V. Plastid Gene Expression during Senescence -- VI. Regulation of Chloroplast Senescence -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. How Leaves Turn Yellow: Catabolism of Chlorophyll -- I. Introduction -- II. Porphyrin Macrocycle Cleavage -- III. Chlorophyll Catabolic Pathway -- IV. Intracellular Organization -- V. Regulation of Chlorophyll Breakdown -- VI. Significance of Chlorophyll Breakdown -- VII. Chlorophyll Bleaching -- VIII. Prospect -- References -- Chapter 13. Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress -- I. Introduction -- II. The Molecules that Cause Oxidative Stress -- III. Generating Active Oxygen Species -- IV. Defending Against Oxidative Stress -- V. Active Oxygen in Resistance and Senescence -- VI. Mechanisms of Signal Transduction -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14. Nutrient Resorption -- I. Introduction -- II. Potential and Realized Resorption -- III. Resorption Efficiency and Proficiency -- IV. Macronutrients and Trace Metals -- V. Model I: Determinants of Potential Resorption -- VI. Model II: Determinants of Realized Resorption -- VII. Synthesis -- References -- Chapter 15. Whole Plant Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Complexity and the Rules of Evidence -- III. What is the Cause of Monocarpic Senescence? -- IV. Senescence in Polycarpic Plants and Clones -- V. Reproductive Yield -- References -- Chapter 16. Autumn Coloration, Carbon Acquisition and Leaf Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Progress of Autumn Coloration of a Tree Crown -- III. Shoot Development and Leaf Senescence -- IV. Leaf Structure and Function -- V. Leaf Pigments and their Ecological Role -- References -- Chapter 17. Annual Shoot Senescence in Perennials -- I. Introduction -- II. Mayapple as a Study Organism.

III. Sources of Variation in Endogenous Shoot Senescence Time in Mayapple -- IV. General Discussion of Factors Regulating the Timing of Top Senescence in Other Species -- References -- Chapter 18. Phototoxicity -- I. Introduction -- II. Chemical and Biochemical Basis of Phototoxicity -- III. Phototoxic Compounds and their Roles in Nature -- IV. Herbicides and Heavy Metals Mediating Phototoxic Responses -- V. Is Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis a Phototoxicity Mechanism? -- VI. Phototoxicity and Programmed Cell Death -- References -- Chapter 19. Ultraviolet Effects -- I. Introduction -- II. Importance of Ultraviolet Radiation as an Environmental Factor for Plants -- III. UV and Plant Senescence -- IV. Evidence for UV-induced PCD in a Plant -- V. Pathways for UV-induced PCD in Animal Cells -- VI. Possible Signaling Mediators between UV and PCD in Plants -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 20. Effects of Airborne Pollutants -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Ozone-induced Accelerated Leaf Senescence -- III. Mechanisms of Ozone-induced Accelerated Leaf Senescence -- IV. Implications of Senescence to the Whole Plant -- References -- Chapter 21. Physiology of Flower Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Model Systems -- III. Structural and Metabolic Changes Occurring during Senescence -- IV. Regulation of Senescence -- V. Pollination and Senescence -- References -- Chapter 22. Postharvest Senescence of Vegetables and its Regulation -- I. Definitions and Theories of Vegetable Senescence -- II. Specific Patterns of Senescence and its Regulation in Vegetables -- III. Conclusions and Prospects -- References -- Chapter 23. Evolutionary and Demographic Approaches to the Study of Whole Plant Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Evolutionary Approaches -- III. Demographic Approaches -- IV. Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 24. Flower Longevity -- I. Introduction -- II. Patterns of Flower Longevity in Nature -- III. Evolutionary Perspective -- IV. Other Issues -- V. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 25. Ecology of Leaf Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Photosynthesis -- III. Herbivory -- IV. Leaf Longevity -- V. Theories of Leaf Longevity -- VI. Leaf Habit and Geographical Pattern -- VII. Leaf Longevity in Different Ecosystems -- References -- Chapter 26. Light Control of Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Effects of Darkness -- III. Effects of Light Quantity -- IV. Effects of Light Quality -- V. Photoperiod Effects -- VI. Relationships between Light Effects on Senescence and Hormones -- VII. Genetic Alterations of Light Control of Senescence -- References -- Epilogue -- Index.