Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Basics -- Surgical Anatomy -- Face -- Orientation -- Proportions -- Points -- Angles -- Lines -- Dimensions -- External Nose (External Pyramid) -- Bony Pyramid -- Cartilaginous Pyramid -- Lobule -- Lobular Cartilages -- Soft-Tissue Areas -- Skin and Connective, Muscular, and Fatty Tissues Overlying the External Nose -- Musculature -- Internal Nose -- Anatomical−Physiological Subdivision of the Nasal Organ -- Nostril (Naris, External Ostium) -- Vestibule -- Valve Area (Internal Ostium) -- Septum -- Turbinates and Turbinate-Like Structures -- Mucoperichondrium, Mucoperiosteum -- Mucous Layer -- Cilia -- Vomeronasal Organ (Organ of Jacobson) -- Vasculature of the Nose -- Vasculature of the External Nasal Pyramid -- Vasculature of the Septum -- Vasculature of the Lateral Wall and Turbinates -- Resistance and Capacitance Vessels -- Nerve Supply of the Nose -- Sensory Innervation -- Motor Nerve System -- Sympathetic Innervation -- Parasympathetic Innervation -- Olfactory Organ -- Histological Features of the Main Nasal Structures and Their Implications for Nasal Surgery -- Septum -- Chondrospinal Junction -- Chondropremaxillary Complex -- Chondroperpendicular and Chondrovomeral Junction -- Mucoperichondrium -- Incisive Nerve -- Vomeronasal Organ -- Septal Pathology -- Turbinates -- Inferior Turbinate -- Middle Turbinate (Concha Bullosa) -- Septal Turbinate -- Bony Pyramid -- Junction between the Triangular Cartilage and Nasal Bones -- Cartilaginous Pyramid -- Septolateral Cartilage: Cartilaginous Septum and Triangular Cartilages -- Valve Area -- Lobule -- Interdomal Area -- Intercrural Area -- Septocrural Area -- Alae -- Nasal Development and Growth -- The Phases -- Developmental or Morphogenetic Phase -- Growth Phase.

Developmental Phase -- Growth Phase -- Face and Nose -- Septum -- Premaxilla -- Cartilaginous Vault -- Bony Vault -- Disturbance of Development and Growth-Consequences for Nasal Pathology and Surgery -- Disturbance of Nasal Development -- Disturbance of Nasal Growth -- Surgical Physiology -- Olfaction -- Respiration -- Parameters of Breathing -- The Normal Respiratory Cycle -- Nasal Resistance and Its Effects -- Resistors and Geometry of the Nose -- Route and Velocity of the Inspiratory and Expiratory Airstream -- Physiology of the Valve Area -- Nasal Cycle -- Nasal Muscle Function -- Air Conditioning (Climatization) -- The Mucosa As the Essential Organ of the Nose -- Temperature Regulation -- Humidification -- Defense -- Filtering of the Air -- Humoral Defense -- Cellular Defense -- Nasal Reflexes -- Speech -- Facial Beauty and Facial Expression -- Beauty -- Aversion to Ones Own Nose -- 2 Pathology and Diagnosis -- Nasal Syndromes -- 1. Deviated Nose Syndromes -- Deviated Pyramid -- C-Shaped Pyramid -- Reversed C-Shaped Pyramid -- Deviated Cartilaginous Pyramid -- 2. Hump Nose -- 3. Prominent-Narrow Pyramid Syndrome (Tension Nose) -- 4. Low-Wide Pyramid Syndrome (Saddle Nose) -- 5. Lobular Inspiratory Insufficiency Syndrome ("Alar Collapse") -- 6. Middle Meatus Obstructive Syndrome -- Septum -- Middle Turbinate -- Uncinate Process -- Ethmoidal Bulla -- Infundibulum -- Nasal Mucosa -- 7. Open Roof Syndrome -- 8. Wide Nasal Cavity Syndrome ("Empty Nose" Syndrome) -- 9. Dry Nose Syndrome -- 10. Cleft Lip and Palate Nose -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Pathology -- Bony and Cartilaginous Pyramid -- Lobule -- Septum -- Turbinates -- 11. Congenital Nasal Hypoplasia (Nasomaxillary Dysplasia, Binder Syndrome -- 12. Facial Syndromes -- Facial Asymmetries -- Maxillary and Mandibular Retrusion -- 13. Nasal Neuralgia -- Pterygopalatine Neuralgia.

(Vidian Neuralgia or Sluder Syndrome) -- Anterior (Posterior) Ethmoidal Neuralgia -- Nasal Symptoms-The Most Common Deformitites, Abnormalities, and Anatomical Variations -- Pathology and Variations of Nasal Dimensions -- Humps -- Saddling and Sagging -- Bony and Cartilaginous Pyramid -- Lobule -- Tip -- Alae -- Columella -- Nostrils (Nares) -- Vestibule -- Valve Area -- Septum -- Classification of Septal Pathology -- Turbinates -- Diagnosis and Documentation -- Making the Diagnosis -- Visual Analogue Scoring of Complaints and Rating Scales of Quality of Life -- Examination of the External Nose -- Inspection and Palpation -- Examination of the Internal Nose -- Inspection and Palpation -- Analysis of Nose, Face, and Dentition -- Proportions -- Angles -- Dentition -- Imaging -- Radiographs -- CT Scans -- MRI -- Breathing Tests -- Observational Tests -- Quantitative Breathing Tests -- Rhinomanometry -- Acoustic Rhinometry -- Measuring Nasal Peak Flow -- Olfactometry -- Measuring Air-conditioning Capacity -- Humidifying Capacity -- Warming-up Capacity -- Measuring Nasal Defense -- Cilia and Ciliary Activity -- Allergy and Hyper-reactivity Testing -- Techniques Used In Nasal Provocation -- Photographic Diagnosis and Documentation -- Technique of Standard Nasal Photography -- Computerized Photography -- Patient Positioning and Preparation -- Lighting and Background -- Requirements -- Standard Positions -- 3 Surgery-General -- Concepts of Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery -- Surgery For Function and Form -- Concepts -- Basic Principles -- Endonasal vs External Approach -- Historical Development -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Approach -- Which Approach to Use when? -- Sequence of the Surgical Steps -- External Approach -- Endonasal Approach -- Preoperative and Postoperative Care -- Preoperative Care.

Discussing the Benefits and Risks of Surgery -- Planning Surgery -- Preparing for Surgery -- Postoperative Care -- Immediate Postoperative Care -- Later Postoperative Care -- Follow Up -- Anesthesia and the Bloodless Surgical Field -- Local or General Anesthesia? -- Local Anesthesia -- Premedication -- Principles and Technique of Local Anesthesia and Vasoconstriction -- General Anesthesia -- Principles -- Additional Vasoconstriction and Local Anesthesia -- The Bloodless Surgical Field -- Antibiotics and Corticosteroids In Nasal Surgery -- Antibiotics -- Corticosteroids -- 4 Incisions and Approaches -- General -- Terminology -- Incisions, Approaches, and Techniques -- Misnomers -- External vs Internal Incisions -- Basic Principles -- Main Incisions -- Caudal Septal Incision (Hemitransfixion) -- Intercartilaginous Incision -- Vestibular Incision -- Infracartilaginous Incision -- As used in the External Approach -- As used in the Luxation Technique -- Limited Infracartilaginous Incisions -- Transcolumellar Inverted-V Incision -- Special Incisions-External -- Labiogingival Incision -- Sublabial Incision -- Paranasal Incision -- Lateral Columellar Incision -- Rim Incision -- Alarfacial Incision (Long-Arm-U Incision -- Alotomy) -- V Incision of the Columellar Base -- Dorsal Incisions-Horizontal Dorsal and Dorsal Reversed-V Incision -- Special Incisions-Endonasal -- Transfixion -- Transcartilaginous Incision -- Incisions in the Turbinate Mucosa -- Incisions in the Septal Mucosa -- Horizontal Basal Incision -- Vertical and L-Shaped Incision -- Stab Incisions -- Vestibular Stab Incision -- Paranasal Stab Incision -- Nasion (Glabellar) Stab Incision -- Alarfacial Stab Incision -- Incisions to Avoid -- 5 Septal Surgery -- Septal Surgery-An Essential Element of Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery.

Sequence of Surgical Steps in Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery -- 1. Endonasal Approach -- 2. External Approach -- Basics of Septal Surgery-The Six Phases of Septal Surgery -- Phase 1: Approach -- Caudal Septal Incision (Hemitransfixion) -- Exposure of the Caudal Septal End -- Phase 2: Mobilization -- The Four Septal Tunnels -- The Different Methods -- How to Create the Different Tunnels -- Connecting an Inferior with a Superior Tunnel -- Chondrotomies -- Dissecting the Cartilaginous Septum from its Base ("Swinging Door" Technique) -- Phase 3: Resection -- Vertical Strips -- Horizontal strips -- Bony and Cartilaginous Crest -- Bony and Cartilaginous Deviation -- Bony Spur -- Phase 4: Repositioning -- Phase 5: Reconstruction -- Reconstruction of the Posterior Septum -- Reconstruction of the Anterior Septum -- Phase 6: Fixation -- Internal Dressings -- Sutures and Splints -- Special Problems of Septal Surgery -- 1 Dislocated (Fractured) Caudal End -- 2 Missing Caudal End -- 3 Basal Crest -- 4 High Deviation -- 5 Vomeral Spur -- 6 Vertical Fracture -- 7 Horizontal Fracture -- 8 Anterior Convexity -- 9 Missing Septum: (Sub)total Septal Reconstruction -- Approach -- Methods -- Materials -- Surgical Techniques -- Septal Surgery In Children -- Indications -- Impaired Nasal Breathing -- Disturbance of Nasal Growth -- Acute Nasal Trauma -- Septal Hematoma and Abscess -- Age Factor -- Most Common Deformities -- Vertical Fracture -- Horizontal Fracture -- Defective Anterior Septum -- Surgical Techniques -- Long-Term Effects -- Septal Hematoma and Abscess -- Septal Hematoma -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Prevention -- Treatment -- Septal Abscess -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Prevention -- Treatment -- Septal Perforation -- Classification -- Prevention -- Guidelines -- Treatment Options -- Surgical Closure -- Dissecting the Perforation -- Direct Closure.

Rotation-Flap Technique.